{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:26:19Z","timestamp":1778279179882,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To identify risk factors for temporary tracheostomy tube placement (TTTP) following surgery for alleviation of signs associated with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold> Retrospective case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 122 client-owned dogs with BOAS that underwent surgery to alleviate clinical signs (BOAS surgery).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> The medical records database of a veterinary teaching hospital was searched to identify dogs that underwent BOAS surgery from January 2007 through March 2016. Of the 198 dogs identified, 12 required postoperative TTTP (cases); 110 of the remaining 186 dogs were randomly selected as controls. Data regarding signalment and select preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were extracted from the medical record of each dog. Variables were compared between cases and controls and evaluated for an association with the odds of postoperative TTTP.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Body condition score, tracheal diameter-to-thoracic inlet ratio, staphylectomy technique, and mortality rate did not differ significantly between cases and controls. The odds of postoperative TTTP increased approximately 30% (OR, 1.3) for each 1-year increase in patient age. Postoperative administration of corticosteroids and presence of pneumonia were also positively associated with the odds of postoperative TTTP. Median duration of hospitalization was significantly longer for cases than controls.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Age was positively associated with the odds of TTTP in dogs after BOAS surgery, and TTTP led to prolonged hospitalization. Thus, early identification and intervention may be beneficial for dogs with BOAS. The associations between TTTP and postoperative corticosteroid use or pneumonia were likely not causal, but reflective of patient disease severity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.9.1158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]],"date-time":"2018-10-12T12:23:27Z","timestamp":1539347007000},"page":"1158-1163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Risk factors for temporary tracheostomy tube placement following surgery to alleviate signs of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"253","author":[{"given":"David B.","family":"Worth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet A.","family":"Grimes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amie","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chad W.","family":"Schmiedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(92)50306-0","article-title":"Brachycephalic airway syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Hendricks JC","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2016.02.002","article-title":"Brachycephalic syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Dupr\u00e9 G","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Top Companion Anim Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2013.06.004","article-title":"Brachycephalic airway syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Meola SD","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Canine brachycephalic airway syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and nonsurgical management","volume":"33","author":"Trappler M","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.9.1048","article-title":"Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome in dogs: 90 cases (1991\u20132008)","volume":"237","author":"Fasanella FJ","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Probl Vet Med","first-page":"188","article-title":"Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Wykes PM","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet","first-page":"E5","article-title":"Canine brachycephalic airway syndrome: surgical management","volume":"33","author":"Trappler M","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2016.01.017","article-title":"How does multilevel upper airway surgery influence the lives of dogs with severe brachycephaly? Results of a structured pre- and postoperative owner questionnaire","volume":"210","author":"Pohl S","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00059.x","article-title":"Results of surgical correction of abnormalities associated with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome in dogs in Australia","volume":"47","author":"Torrez CV","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.05.016","article-title":"Complications of upper airway surgery in companion animals","volume":"41","author":"Mercurio A","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.9.1324","article-title":"Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991\u20132004)","volume":"230","author":"Riecks TW","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01047.x","article-title":"Structural characteristics of the soft palate and meatus nasopharyngeus in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs analysed by CT","volume":"52","author":"Grand JG","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2011.0328","article-title":"Age-related tissue stiffening: cause and effect","volume":"2","author":"Sherratt MJ","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.10.013","article-title":"Effects of obesity on lung function and airway reactivity in healthy dogs","volume":"193","author":"Manens J","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.6.670","article-title":"Association of expiratory airway dysfunction with marked obesity in healthy adult dogs","volume":"68","author":"Bach JF","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.776","article-title":"Evaluation of carbon dioxide laser and conventional incisional techniques for resection of soft palates in brachycephalic dogs","volume":"219","author":"Davidson EB","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5326\/0430039","article-title":"A histopathological comparison of two techniques for soft palate resection in normal dogs","volume":"43","author":"Brdecka D","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01167.x","article-title":"Complications associated with temporary tracheostomy tubes in 42 dogs (1998 to 2007)","volume":"53","author":"Nicholson I","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200206000-00004","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux and eustachian tube dysfunction in an animal model","volume":"112","author":"White DR","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/253\/9\/javma.253.9.1158.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/253\/9\/javma.253.9.1158.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/253\/9\/javma.253.9.1158.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:35:49Z","timestamp":1696552549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/253\/9\/javma.253.9.1158.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.253.9.1158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]}}}