{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T17:23:37Z","timestamp":1792257817102,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>CASE DESCRIPTION<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A 14-year-old neutered female Border Collie with a 3-week history of collapse during exercise was evaluated because of recumbency, tachycardia, and hypotension.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results of biochemical testing indicated the presence of a pheochromocytoma, and CT revealed an enlarged right adrenal gland mass that extended down the right phrenicoabdominal vein into the posthepatic thoracic portion of the caudal vena cava.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>TREATMENT AND OUTCOME<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A midline celiotomy and median sternotomy were performed to allow en bloc removal of the right adrenal gland tumor and its tumor thrombus extension within the caudal vena cava. Temporary occlusion of the thoracic and abdominal portions of the caudal vena cava and both renal veins and the dual inflow to the liver (Pringle maneuver) were required. The venotomy and tumor and thrombus extractions required a 25-minute period of vascular occlusion. The dog had no major postsurgical complications. Histologic findings indicated that direct adrenal tumor invasion into the caudal vena cava wall had occurred along the established route of tumor extension down the phrenicoabdominal vein.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>For the dog of this report, an adrenal tumor thrombus that extended into the thoracic portion of the caudal vena cava was surgically managed with a combined median sternotomy and midline celiotomy approach and temporary occlusion of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and abdominal and thoracic portions of the caudal vena cava. This facilitated successful manual manipulation of the tumor and enabled venotomy of sufficient size for tumor thrombus extraction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.254.11.1309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T19:17:09Z","timestamp":1557343029000},"page":"1309-1315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Surgical management of an adrenal gland tumor that had extended into the thoracic portion of the caudal vena cava in a dog"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"254","author":[{"given":"Victoria J.","family":"Lipscomb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, England."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.654","article-title":"Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994\u20132001)","volume":"223","author":"Kyles","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.12.1715","article-title":"Evaluation of risk factors for outcome associated with adrenal gland tumors with or without invasion of the caudal vena cava and treated via adrenalectomy in dogs: 86 cases (1993\u20132009)","volume":"242","author":"Barrera","year":"2013"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Res Commun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VERC.0000014272.65194.0f","article-title":"Tumour thrombus: direct endoluminal \u201ccaudal caval vein - right atrium\u201d extension in a dog affected by adrenal neoplasia","volume":"27","author":"Pradelli","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.1.77","article-title":"Evaluation of prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of adrenal gland tumors in dogs: 41 cases (1999\u20132005)","volume":"232","author":"Schwartz","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00472.x","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma: technique, complications, and results in six dogs","volume":"23","author":"Gilson","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(92)90041-Y","article-title":"A new technique for surgery of the caudal vena cava in dogs using partial venous inflow occlusion","volume":"52","author":"Hunt","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5788","article-title":"49-month survival following caval venectomy without nephrectomy in a dog with a pheochromocytoma","volume":"48","author":"Guillaumot","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00292.x","article-title":"Phaeochromocytoma treated by en bloc resection including the suprarenal caudal vena cava in a dog","volume":"46","author":"Louvet","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Veterinary surgery: small animal","first-page":"2033","article-title":"Adrenal glands","author":"Adin","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Veterinary surgery: small animal","first-page":"1854","article-title":"Vascular surgery","author":"Phillips","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0656.x","article-title":"A prospective study of clopidogrel therapy in dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia","volume":"25","author":"Mellett","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5669","article-title":"Elective and emergency surgical management of adrenal gland tumors: 60 cases (1999\u20132006)","volume":"47","author":"Lang","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/254\/11\/javma.254.11.1309.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/254\/11\/javma.254.11.1309.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/254\/11\/javma.254.11.1309.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:36:31Z","timestamp":1696552591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/254\/11\/javma.254.11.1309.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.254.11.1309","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]}}}