{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T12:25:18Z","timestamp":1769084718943,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>CASE DESCRIPTION<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A 4-year-old spayed female mixed-breed rabbit was evaluated because of a 3-year history of sneezing and nasal discharge that were refractory to medical management.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Signs of chronic left-sided rhinitis and sinusitis were observed on physical examination and confirmed by CT evaluation. Lysis of the rostral aspect of the left maxillary bone and destruction of nasal turbinates were evident on CT images.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>TREATMENT AND OUTCOME<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Pararhinotomy of the left maxillary sinus through the facies cribrosa was performed. Purulent material was removed from the maxillary sinus recesses, a middle meatal antrostomy was completed to allow permanent drainage into the left middle nasal meatus, and the tissues were closed routinely. Microbial culture of a sample from the maxillary sinus recesses revealed <jats:italic>Bordetella bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>, undetermined fastidious nonenteric bacteria, and <jats:italic>Streptococcus viridans.<\/jats:italic> Medical management was continued, and nasal discharge resolved but sneezing persisted. Increased sneezing and bilateral nasal discharge developed 1.5 years later; CT examination revealed right-sided rhinitis, and culture of a nasal swab sample revealed <jats:italic>Bordetella<\/jats:italic> spp, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> spp, and <jats:italic>Micrococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. Right-sided pararhinotomy and middle meatal antrostomy were performed, and medical management continued. A subsequent recurrence was managed without additional surgery; 4 years after the initial surgery, the rabbit was still receiving medical treatment, with mild intermittent nasal discharge and sneezing reported.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This report describes a surgical approach for treatment of chronic rhinitis in companion rabbits with maxillary sinus involvement that included creation of a permanent drainage pathway from the maxillary sinus to the middle nasal meatus.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.254.11.1316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T19:17:09Z","timestamp":1557343029000},"page":"1316-1323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bilateral pararhinotomy with middle meatal antrostomy of the maxillary sinus in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with chronic rhinitis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"254","author":[{"given":"No\u00e9mie M.","family":"Summa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sanchez-Migallon Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krista A.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah Jones","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle G.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geraldine B.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Rhinology","first-page":"300","article-title":"Topography of the rabbit paranasal sinuses as a prerequisite to model human sinusitis","volume":"48","author":"Casteleyn","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Exot Pet Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2014.02.005","article-title":"Rhinostomy as surgical treatment of odontogenic rhinitis in three pet rabbits","volume":"23","author":"Capello","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Exot Pet Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2013.10.001","article-title":"Rhinotomy and rhinostomy for surgical treatment of chronic rhinitis in two rabbits","volume":"22","author":"Lennox","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199506000-00002","article-title":"Pressure measurements in the normal and occluded rabbit maxillary sinus","volume":"105","author":"Scharf","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488809097019","article-title":"Experimental acute sinusitis in rabbits: a bacteriological and histological study","volume":"105","author":"Johansson","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Am J Rhinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2500\/105065898780707928","article-title":"A potential role for nasal obstruction in development of acute sinusitis: an infection study in rabbits","volume":"12","author":"Gnoy","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2005.01.015","article-title":"Effects of unilateral naris closure on the nasal and maxillary sinus mucosa in rabbit","volume":"32","author":"Shin","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Staphylococcus aureus. 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