{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:26:40Z","timestamp":1790605600195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>CASE DESCRIPTION<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A 1-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for a sternal defect and ventral abdominal wall hernia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The cat appeared healthy. Palpation revealed a sternal defect, and the heart could be observed beating underneath the skin at the caudoventral aspect of the thorax. A 3-cm-diameter freely movable mass, consistent with a hernia, was also palpated at the cranioventral aspect of the abdomen. Thoracic radiographic and CT images revealed a sternal cleft, cranial midline abdominal wall hernia, and peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>TREATMENT AND OUTCOME<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thoracotomy and celiotomy were performed. The sternal cleft was repaired with a porcine small intestinal submucosa graft, titanium contourable mesh plate, and interrupted 25-gauge cerclage wires. A diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy was used to correct the PPDH. Thoracic radiographs were obtained immediately after surgery to confirm repair of the sternal cleft, abdominal wall hernia, and PPDH and at 1 and 3 months after surgery to assess the surgical implants, which had not migrated and were intact with only mild bending at the cranial and caudal margins of the mesh plate. At both recheck examinations, the cat appeared healthy with no complications reported by the owner.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A novel surgical technique was used to successfully repair a large sternal cleft in an adult cat with no postoperative complications reported. This technique may be useful for the treatment of sternal clefts in other cats. This was the first report to describe an adult cat with congenital defects consistent with incomplete pentalogy of Cantrell.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.254.9.1099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T16:21:08Z","timestamp":1555345268000},"page":"1099-1104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Congenital sternal defect repair in an adult cat with incomplete pentalogy of Cantrell"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"254","author":[{"given":"Sophie N.","family":"Eiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Mison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian R.","family":"Aronson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2011.05.049","article-title":"Phenotypic spectrum and management of sternal cleft: literature review and presentation of a new series","volume":"41","author":"Torre","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Tex Heart Inst J","first-page":"452","article-title":"Primary repair of complete sternal cleft in an adult: a 4-year follow up","volume":"38","author":"Jabbad","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1177\/0218492310376015","article-title":"Successful surgical repair of complete sternal cleft in an adult","volume":"18","author":"Jabbad","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6181","article-title":"Sternal cleft associated with Cantrell's pentalogy in a German Shepherd Dog","volume":"51","author":"Benlloch-Gonzalez","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12226.x","article-title":"Surgical repair of a congenital sternal cleft in a cat","volume":"43","author":"Schwarzkopf","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.03.050","article-title":"Sternal cleft and pectus excavatum: a combined approach for the correction of a complex anterior chest wall malformation in a teenager","volume":"99","author":"Tocchioni","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Pediatr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2006.12.001","article-title":"Sternal cleft\u2014a natural absurdity or a surgical opportunity","volume":"42","author":"Luthra","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)00596-7","article-title":"Repair of congenital sternal cleft in infants and adolescents","volume":"66","author":"de Campos","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"778","article-title":"Combined congenital defects of the anterior abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium, and heart: a case report and review of the syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Toyama","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"602","article-title":"A syndrome of congenital defects involving the abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium, and heart","volume":"107","author":"Cantrell","year":"1958"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Clin Neonatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4847.116410","article-title":"Pentalogy of Cantrell: an extremely rare congenital anomaly","volume":"2","author":"Chandran","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Pediatr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2003.09.030","article-title":"Combined pentalogy of Cantrell with tetralogy of Fallot, gallbladder agenesis, and polysplenia: a case report","volume":"39","author":"Bittmann","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Surg Tech Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4103\/2006-8808.63717","article-title":"Pentalogy of Cantrell: a report of three cases","volume":"2","author":"Sowande","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Journal 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