{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:19:06Z","timestamp":1780435146538,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To evaluate potential associations between preanesthetic administration of acepromazine or dexmedetomidine and development of arterial hypotension or bradycardia in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 341 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Medical records were searched to identify dogs that underwent ovariohysterectomy between January 2009 and December 2010 and received hydromorphone with acepromazine or dexmedetomidine as preanesthetic agents. Demographic data, sedative and anesthetic drugs, duration of anesthesia, average vaporizer setting, positive pressure ventilation, occurrence of hypotension (mean arterial pressure &lt; 60 mm Hg) or bradycardia (&gt; 50% reduction in heart rate, compared with the preanesthetic value), time to first occurrence and duration of hypotension, and treatment with dopamine or anticholinergic agents were recorded. Data were compared between dogs that received acepromazine and dexmedetomidine. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations between the treatments of interest (and other putative risk factors) and development of hypotension or bradycardia.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> For dogs that received acepromazine, the odds of developing hypotension were 2.61 times those for dogs that received dexmedetomidine. Hypotension occurred earlier and lasted longer in dogs that received acepromazine, and this group was treated with dopamine more frequently than the group that received dexmedetomidine. Lower body weight was associated with increased odds of hypotension. Odds of developing bradycardia were greater for dogs sedated with dexmedetomidine (vs acepromazine) and for dogs that underwent anesthetic induction with propofol or a ketamine-benzodiazepine combination (vs thiopental).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Anesthetic complications differed between isoflurane-anesthetized dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy after premedication with acepromazine or dexmedetomidine in this study; future prospective investigations are warranted to investigate these effects in other, less homogenous populations of dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.255.2.193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T16:20:02Z","timestamp":1561998002000},"page":"193-199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Investigation of associations between preoperative acepromazine or dexmedetomidine administration and development of arterial hypotension or bradycardia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"255","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Martin-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14850."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika M.","family":"Mostowy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14850."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Pittman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14850."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14850."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussni O.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14850."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin D.","family":"Gleed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14850."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Campoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14850."},{"name":"1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14850."},{"name":"2 Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14850."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"2113","article-title":"Effect of acepromazine on the anesthetic requirement of halothane in the dog","volume":"47","author":"Heard","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1819","article-title":"Effects of acetylpromazine maleate on certain cardiorespiratory responses in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Popovic","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.7.754","article-title":"Hemodynamic influence of acepromazine or dexmedetomidine premedication in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs","volume":"246","author":"Grasso","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther","first-page":"690","article-title":"Hemodynamic and sedative effects of dexmedetomidine in 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diazepam in dogs sedated with a combination of medetomidine and hydromorphone","volume":"69","author":"Enouri","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.138.1.11","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary effects of combinations of medetomidine hydrochloride and atropine sulphate in dogs","volume":"138","author":"Alibhai","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2995.2003.00122.x","article-title":"The echocardiographic effects of romifidine in dogs with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate","volume":"30","author":"Sinclair","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.52","article-title":"Effects of preemptive atropine administration on incidence of medetomidine-induced bradycardia in 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