{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:35:30Z","timestamp":1790138130774,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,15]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n CASE DESCRIPTION<\/jats:title>\n A 17-year-old Friesian gelding was examined at a referral hospital because of a 1-month history of mild exercise intolerance and marked lymphocytosis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CLINICAL FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n Physical examination revealed no peripheral lymphadenopathy or other abnormalities. Results of an abdominal palpation examination per rectum and thoracic and abdominal ultrasonographic examinations were unremarkable. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was diagnosed on the basis of severe lymphocytosis and positive expression of the B-cell marker CD20 by lymphocytes in the bone marrow and peripheral blood.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n TREATMENT AND OUTCOME<\/jats:title>\n \n Treatment with prednisolone (2 mg\/kg [0.9 mg\/lb], PO, every other day) and chlorambucil (20 mg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , PO, every 3 weeks for 2 doses, then every 2 weeks) was initially associated with improvement in clinical signs and a decrease in the lymphocyte count. However, 3 weeks after administration of the first dose of chlorambucil, the lymphocyte count began to increase. One week later, the horse developed episodes of recurrent fever and the lymphocyte count continued to increase. Despite continued administration of the prednisolone-chlorambucil protocol, the horse's clinical condition deteriorated rapidly, and it was euthanized 6 weeks after initial examination at the referral hospital because of a poor prognosis. A necropsy was not performed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n B-cell CLL has been infrequently described in horses. This report was the first to describe the use of chemotherapy, albeit unsuccessful, for the treatment of B-cell CLL in a horse. This information should be useful for guiding expectations for prognosis and management of other horses affected with the disease.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.255.6.716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T11:12:13Z","timestamp":1567509133000},"page":"716-721","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rapid clinical progression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a horse"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"255","author":[{"given":"Alicia E.","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Clinical Studies\u2013New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura H.","family":"Javsicas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Rhinebeck Equine LLP, 26 Losee Ln, Rhinebeck, NY 12572."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Stokol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Services, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Julia B.","family":"Felippe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela E.","family":"Frimberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Veterinary Oncology Consultants, 379 Lake Innes Dr, Lake Innes, NSW 2446, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.07.003","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies to equine CD14","volume":"138","author":"Kabithe","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(94)90088-4","article-title":"Report of the First International Workshop on Equine Leucocyte Antigens, Cambridge, UK, July 1991","volume":"42","author":"Kydd","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(97)00160-8","article-title":"Report of the Second Equine Leucocyte Antigen Workshop, Squaw Valley, California, July 1995","volume":"62","author":"Lunn","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2016.12.004","article-title":"Developmental expression of B cell molecules in equine lymphoid tissues","volume":"183","author":"Prieto","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638717707724","article-title":"Acute leukemia in six horses (1990\u20132012)","volume":"29","author":"Barrell","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00374-15","article-title":"Applied protein and molecular techniques for characterization of B cell neoplasms in horses","volume":"22","author":"Badial","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30125-6","article-title":"Leukoproliferative disorders in horses","volume":"16","author":"McClure","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Equine Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1294\/jes.20.59","article-title":"Hematopoietic neoplasias in horses: myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"20","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2012.00458.x","article-title":"Equine leukaemia","volume":"24","author":"Taintor","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Blood","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5019","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-293050","article-title":"The 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms and beyond: evolving concepts and practical applications","volume":"117","author":"Campo","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1977.tb04034.x","article-title":"A case of primary lymphoid leukaemia in a horse","volume":"9","author":"Roberts","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00343.x","article-title":"Differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the horse. 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