{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T17:31:14Z","timestamp":1782754274780,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes for kittens with phimosis and to develop a system to classify phimosis on the basis of gross pathological lesions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>8 kittens with phimosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Medical record databases of 2 veterinary teaching hospitals were searched to identify records of cats \u2264 20 weeks old (ie, kittens) with phimosis that underwent surgical intervention between 2009 and 2017. For each kitten, information extracted from the record included signalment, history, clinical signs, physical examination findings, treatments, and details regarding the surgical procedure performed, postoperative complications, and outcome.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The most common clinical signs were stranguria (n = 6), marked preputial swelling (5), and a small (6) or inevident (2) preputial orifice. Six kittens had type 1 phimosis (generalized preputial swelling owing to urine pooling without penile-preputial adhesions) and underwent circumferential preputioplasty. Two kittens had type 2 phimosis (focal preputial swelling and urine pooling in the presence of penile-preputial adhesions) and underwent preputial urethrostomy. No postoperative complications were recorded for kittens that underwent preputial urethrostomy. All 6 kittens that underwent circumferential preputioplasty had some exposure of the tip of the penis immediately after surgery, which typically resolved over time. At the time of last follow-up (mean, 1.4 years after surgery), all 8 patients were able to urinate and had no signs of phimosis recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results suggested that circumferential preputioplasty and preputial urethrostomy could be used to successfully manage kittens with type 1 and type 2 phimosis, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.255.9.1039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T14:55:38Z","timestamp":1571237738000},"page":"1039-1046","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical characteristics, classification, and surgical outcome for kittens with phimosis: 8 cases (2009\u20132017)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"255","author":[{"given":"Annemarieke","family":"de Vlaming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy L.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary W.","family":"Ellison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Small animal surgery","first-page":"846","article-title":"Surgery of the male reproductive tract","author":"MacPhail","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Textbook of veterinary internal medicine: diseases of the dog and cat","first-page":"1946","article-title":"Feline reproduction","volume":"2","author":"Traas","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Textbook of small animal surgery","first-page":"1539","article-title":"Penis, prepuce, and scrotum","volume":"2","author":"Boothe","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.5326\/0450277","article-title":"Phimosis in cats: 10 cases (2000\u20132008)","volume":"45","author":"May","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.12.006","article-title":"Congenital phimosis in a cat","volume":"6","author":"Bright","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"204","article-title":"Surgical conditions of the canine penis and prepuce","volume":"24","author":"Papazoglou","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Vet Clin","first-page":"123","article-title":"Surgical correction of a congenital or acquired phimosis in two cats","volume":"30","author":"Yoon","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Current therapy in theriogenology","first-page":"549","article-title":"Disorders of the canine penis and prepuce","author":"Johnston","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Disease mechanisms in small animal surgery","first-page":"552","article-title":"Surgical pathophysiology of the penis","author":"Hobson","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.1092","article-title":"Modified perineal urethrostomy using preputial mucosa in cats","volume":"216","author":"Yeh","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13477542","article-title":"Playing mum: successful management of orphaned kittens","volume":"15","author":"Little","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD008973","article-title":"Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys","volume":"9","author":"Moreno","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.06.007","article-title":"Anaphylactic events observed within 4 h of ocular application of an antibiotic-containing ophthalmic preparation: 61 cats (1993\u20132010)","volume":"13","author":"Hume-Smith","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"681","article-title":"Prevalence of bacterial urinary tract infection after perineal urethrostomy in cats","volume":"200","author":"Griffin","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00314.x","article-title":"Retrospective study of indications for and outcomes of perineal urethrostomy in cats","volume":"46","author":"Bass","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1623769","article-title":"Feline lower urinary tract disease in a German cat population. A retrospective analysis of demographic data, causes and clinical signs","volume":"42","author":"Dorsch","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/255\/9\/javma.255.9.1039.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/255\/9\/javma.255.9.1039.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/255\/9\/javma.255.9.1039.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:37:33Z","timestamp":1696552653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/255\/9\/javma.255.9.1039.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.255.9.1039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]}}}