{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:09:39Z","timestamp":1790611779038,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate rabies virus (RABV) characterization data obtained from animal specimens submitted to the US public health rabies surveillance system and propose a standardized approach to sample selection for RABV characterization that could enhance early detection of important rabies epizootic events in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>SAMPLE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>United States public health rabies surveillance system data collected from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2015.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data were reviewed to identify RABV-positive specimens for which virus characterization would likely provide information regarding any of 4 overarching events (discovery of novel variants, translocation of RABV variants, host-shift events, and any unusual rabies-related event) that could substantially alter animal rabies epizootiology in the United States. These specimens were designated as specimens of epizootiological importance (SEIs). Estimates of the additional number of specimens that public health laboratories could expect to process each year if all SEIs underwent RABV characterization were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>During the 6-year period, the mean annual number of SEIs was 855 (95% CI, 739 to 971); the mean number of SEIs that underwent virus characterization was 270 (95% CI, 187 to 353). Virus characterization of all SEIs would be expected to increase the public health laboratories\u2019 test load by approximately 585 (95% CI, 543 to 625) specimens\/y.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Prioritization of RABV characterization of SEIs may improve early detection of rabies events associated with RABV host shifts, variant translocations, and importation. Characterization of SEIs may help refine wildlife rabies management practices. Each public health laboratory should evaluate testing of SEIs to ensure diagnostic laboratory capacity is not overstretched.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.256.1.66","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T14:28:56Z","timestamp":1576506536000},"page":"66-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Evaluation of rabies virus characterization to enhance early detection of important rabies epizootic events in the United States"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"256","author":[{"given":"Emily G.","family":"Pieracci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Chipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2National Rabies Management Program, Wildlife Services, APHIS, USDA, 59 Chenell Dr, Ste 2, Concord, NH 03301"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clint N.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 305 South St, 5th Floor, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordona D.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2National Rabies Management Program, Wildlife Services, APHIS, USDA, 59 Chenell Dr, Ste 2, Concord, NH 03301"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse D.","family":"Blanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Velasco-Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashlee D.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2National Rabies Management Program, Wildlife Services, APHIS, USDA, 59 Chenell Dr, Ste 2, Concord, NH 03301"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2National Rabies Management Program, Wildlife Services, APHIS, USDA, 59 Chenell Dr, Ste 2, Concord, NH 03301"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Ohio Department of Health, 246 N High St, Columbus, OH 43215"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"LeMasters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0005249","article-title":"Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: the road to elimination (Erratum published in PLoS Negl Trop Dis 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