{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T09:50:53Z","timestamp":1696585853900},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\nOBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\nTo evaluate the effects of lidocaine as a coinduction agent with propofol on cardiopulmonary variables and administered propofol doses in healthy dogs premedicated with hydromorphone hydrochloride and acepromazine maleate and anesthetized with isoflurane.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n40 client-owned dogs (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I or II and age \u2265 6 months) scheduled to undergo anesthesia for elective procedures.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nPROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\nIn a randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial, dogs received 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution (2.0 mg\/kg [0.9 mg\/lb], IV; n = 20) or buffered crystalloid solution (0.1 mL\/kg [0.05 mL\/lb], IV; 20; control treatment) after premedication with acepromazine (0.005 mg\/kg [0.002 mg\/lb], IM) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg\/kg, IM). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (1 mg\/kg [0.45 mg\/lb], IV, with additional doses administered as needed) and maintained with isoflurane. Sedation was assessed, and anesthetic and cardiopulmonary variables were measured at various points; values were compared between treatment groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nRESULTS<\/jats:title>\nPropofol doses, total sedation scores, and anesthetic and most cardiopulmonary measurements did not differ significantly between treatment groups over the monitoring period; only oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry differed significantly (lower in the lidocaine group). Mean \u00b1 SD propofol dose required for endotracheal intubation was 1.30 \u00b1 0.68 mg\/kg (0.59 \u00b1 0.31 mg\/lb) and 1.41 \u00b1 0.40 mg\/kg (0.64 \u00b1 0.18 mg\/lb) for the lidocaine and control groups, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\nNo propofol-sparing effect was observed with administration of lidocaine as a coinduction agent for the premedicated dogs of this study. Mean propofol doses required for endotracheal intubation were considerably lower than currently recommended doses for premedicated dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2020;256:93\u2013101)<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.256.1.93","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T14:28:56Z","timestamp":1576506536000},"page":"93-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution as a coinduction agent with propofol on cardiopulmonary variables and administered propofol doses in healthy dogs premedicated with hydromorphone hydrochloride and acepromazine maleate"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"256","author":[{"given":"Callie E.","family":"Cazlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonnie L.","family":"Hay Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Veterinary anesthesia and analgesia","first-page":"280","article-title":"Injectable anesthetics","author":"Berry","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/75.5.616","article-title":"Effects of graded infusion rates of propofol on cardiovascular haemodynamics, coronary circulation and myocardial metabolism in dogs","volume":"75","author":"Nakaigawa","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"2323","article-title":"Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of propofol administration in hypovolemic dogs","volume":"53","author":"Ilkiw","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"157","article-title":"Respiratory depression and apnea induced by propofol in dogs","volume":"59","author":"Muir","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Adverse effects of administration of propofol with various preanesthetic regimens in dogs","volume":"202","author":"Smith","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/63.1.87","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of propofol in the anesthetized dog","volume":"63","author":"Goodchild","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.03.005","article-title":"Effect of rate of administration of propofol or alfaxalone on induction dose requirements and occurrence of apnea in dogs","volume":"44","author":"Bigby","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"617","article-title":"Induction of anaesthesia in dogs and cats with propofol","volume":"126","author":"Weaver","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"463","article-title":"Fentanyl or midazolam for coinduction of anaesthesia with propofol in dogs (Erratum published in Vet Anaesth Analg 2013;40:156)","volume":"35","author":"Covey-Crump","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v62i3.2076","article-title":"The effect of premedication on the induction dose of propofol in dogs and cats","volume":"62","author":"Geel","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12052","article-title":"A dose titration study into the effects of diazepam or midazolam on the propofol dose requirements for induction of general anaesthesia in client owned dogs, premedicated with methadone and acepromazine","volume":"40","author":"Robinson","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl","first-page":"5","article-title":"Coinduction of anaesthesia: the rationale","volume":"12","author":"Amrein","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl","first-page":"25","article-title":"Coinduction of anaesthesia: day-case surgery","volume":"12","author":"Whitwam","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Anaesthesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2007.04990.x","article-title":"Haemodynamic changes and heart rate variability during midazolam-propofol co-induction","volume":"62","author":"Win","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Miller's Anesthesia","first-page":"2622","article-title":"Ambulatory (outpatient) anesthesia","author":"Smith","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v72i4.655","article-title":"Some clinical effects of midazolam premedication in propofol-induced and isoflurane-maintained anaesthesia in dogs during ovariohysterectomy","volume":"72","author":"Stegmann","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12038","article-title":"Effects of altering the sequence of midazolam and propofol during coinduction of anaesthesia","volume":"40","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12088","article-title":"Midazolam, as a coinduction agent, has propofol sparing effects but also decreases systolic blood pressure in healthy dogs","volume":"41","author":"Hopkins","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Veterinary anesthesia and analgesia","first-page":"343","article-title":"Local anesthetics","author":"Garcia","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2004.00165.x","article-title":"Effect of lidocaine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs","volume":"31","author":"Valverde","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106620","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106620","article-title":"Lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combination reduce isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in dogs","volume":"9","author":"Acevedo-Arcique","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.13-0407","article-title":"Effects of lidocaine, dexmedetomidine or their combination on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in dogs","volume":"76","author":"Moran-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2007.00389.x","article-title":"Effects of intravenous lidocaine, ketamine and the combination on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in dogs","volume":"35","author":"Wilson","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2006.00330.x","article-title":"Effect of intravenous lidocaine on heart rate, systolic arterial blood pressure and cough response to endotracheal intubation in propofol-anesthetized dogs","volume":"34","author":"Jolliffe","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12303","article-title":"Effects of intravenous and topical laryngeal lidocaine on heart rate, mean arterial pressure and cough response to endotracheal intubation in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Thompson","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12332","article-title":"Effect of intravenous lidocaine on cough response to endotracheal intubation in propofol-anesthetized dogs","volume":"43","author":"Panti","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"144","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary effects of thiopental\/lidocaine combination during anesthetic induction in the dog","volume":"44","author":"Rawlings","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5326\/0430008","article-title":"Effects of diazepam or lidocaine premedication on propofol induction and cardiovascular parameters in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Braun","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12336","article-title":"Clinical effects of midazolam or lidocaine coinduction with a propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Minghella","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12502","article-title":"The effects of lidocaine before propofol induction in premedicated dogs","volume":"57","author":"Cerasoli","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","first-page":"315","article-title":"Local anesthetics","author":"Webb","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.12.1431","article-title":"A comparison of acepromazine-buprenorphine and medetomidine-buprenorphine for preanesthetic medication of dogs","volume":"237","author":"Grint","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.2000.00245.x","article-title":"Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of medetomidine and its enantiomers in dogs","volume":"23","author":"Kuusela","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00685.x","article-title":"Medetomidine as a premedicant in dogs and its reversal by atipamezole","volume":"31","author":"Young","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2009.00480.x","article-title":"Anti-nociceptive, cardiopulmonary, and sedative effects of five intravenous infusion rates of lidocaine in conscious dogs","volume":"36","author":"MacDougall","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"Med Princ Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1159\/000319761","article-title":"Effect of intramuscular or intravenous lidocaine on propofol induction dose","volume":"20","author":"Kelsaka","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.01.018","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of the effects of a combination of acepromazine with morphine and midazolam on sedation, cardiovascular variables and propofol dose requirements for induction of anesthesia in dogs","volume":"200","author":"Monteiro","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","first-page":"315","article-title":"Opioid analgesic drugs","author":"Kukanich","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1101","article-title":"Effects of hydromorphone or oxymorphone, with or without acepromazine, on preanesthetic sedation, physiologic values and histamine release in dogs","volume":"218","author":"Smith","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.12.1576","article-title":"Effect of maropitant, a neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist, on anesthetic requirements during noxious visceral stimulation of the ovary in dogs","volume":"72","author":"Boscan","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.15-0666","article-title":"Interaction between maropitant and carprofen on sparing of the minimum alveolar concentration for blunting adrenergic response (MAC-BAR) of sevoflurane in dogs","volume":"79","author":"Fukui","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref42","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/65.3.346","article-title":"Effect of different rates of infusion of propofol for induction of anaesthesia in elderly patients","volume":"65","author":"Peacock","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref43","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/69.4.363","article-title":"Infusion of propofol to identify smallest effective doses for induction of anaesthesia in young and elderly patients","volume":"69","author":"Peacock","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref44","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2011.00679.x","article-title":"Minimum infusion rate and hemodynamic effects of propofol, propofol-lidocaine, and propofol-lidocaine-ketamine in dogs","volume":"39","author":"Mannarino","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref45","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198412000-00006","article-title":"The effect of lidocaine infusion on the ventilatory response to hypoxia","volume":"61","author":"Gross","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref46","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.11.1333","article-title":"Comparison of time to desaturation between preoxygenated and nonpreoxygenated dogs following sedation with acepromazine maleate and morphine and induction of anesthesia with propofol","volume":"70","author":"McNally","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref47","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12166","article-title":"Chronotropic effect of propofol or alfaxalone following fentanyl administration in healthy dogs","volume":"42","author":"Okushima","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref48","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5846","article-title":"AAHA anesthesia guidelines for cats and dogs","volume":"47","author":"Bednarski","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref49","series-title":"Propoflo [package insert]","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/256\/1\/javma.256.1.93.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/256\/1\/javma.256.1.93.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/256\/1\/javma.256.1.93.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:40:05Z","timestamp":1696552805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/256\/1\/javma.256.1.93.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.256.1.93","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]}}}