{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:25:34Z","timestamp":1789575934801,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe intracanalicular injection of 10% N-acetylcysteine (IINAC) as adjunctive treatment for sialoceles in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>25 client-owned dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Hard copy medical records at 2 veterinary ophthalmology practices were searched to identify dogs that underwent IINAC for treatment of sialoceles from January 2000 to December 2017. Signalment, affected salivary gland, clinical signs, duration of signs, other treatments administered, diagnostic tests performed, anesthetic approach, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-acetylcysteine volume administered, complications, follow-up time, and recurrence of sialoceles were recorded. Descriptive statistics were reported.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Boxers and mixed-breed dogs were most commonly represented. Subjectively decreased globe retropulsion and conjunctival or periorbital swelling (23\/25 [92%] dogs each) were the most common clinical signs, with no vision deficits in any patient. The zygomatic gland was mainly affected (23\/25 [92%] dogs), followed by parotid and mandibular glands (1 [4%] dog each). The condition was unilateral in 22 (88%) dogs. Ultrasonography (19\/25 [76%] dogs), MRI (14 [56%]), fine-needle aspiration (20 [80%]), and biopsy (4 [16%]) were performed; however, the condition was deemed idiopathic in 22 (88%) dogs. Most IINACs were performed with local anesthesia (median volume, 5 mL\/gland; range, 1.5 to 9 mL). No complications were identified. Other treatments included antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories. Mean follow-up time was 18.8 months. All recurrences (5\/23 [22%] dogs) were controlled with medical management.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results suggested noninvasive IINAC may be a useful adjunctive treatment for sialoceles in dogs. The procedure was easily and safely performed with local anesthesia (or general anesthesia with concurrent diagnostic imaging) in these dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.257.8.826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T13:36:45Z","timestamp":1601991405000},"page":"826-832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Intracanalicular injection of N-acetylcysteine as adjunctive treatment for sialoceles in dogs: 25 cases (2000-2017)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"257","author":[{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Ortill\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Servei d'Oftalmologia, Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Leiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Servei d'Oftalmologia, Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari"},{"name":"2Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria, Edifici V."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Allgoewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Campus Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain."},{"name":"4Animal Eye Practice, Berlin 14163, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda T.","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Servei d'Oftalmologia, Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari"},{"name":"2Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria, Edifici V."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"465","article-title":"Salivary gland disease in dogs and cats: 245 cases (1985-1988)","volume":"198","author":"Spangler","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Veterinary surgery: small animal","article-title":"Salivary glands","author":"Ritter","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1992.tb01177.x","article-title":"Canine sialocoeles\u201460 clinical cases","volume":"33","author":"Bellenger","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.12.1375","article-title":"What Is Your Diagnosis? 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