{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:15:42Z","timestamp":1778922942984,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title> \n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe cryptorchidectomy performed with a paramedian or inguinal approach in domestic pigs and compare findings for commercial-breed pigs with those for pot-bellied pigs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>47 client-owned (33 commercial-breed and 14 pot-bellied) pigs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Medical records were searched to identify pigs that underwent surgical treatment for cryptorchidism from 2000 to 2018. Signalment, location of retained testes, surgeon, surgical approach, surgery time, anesthesia time, and postoperative complications were recorded. Complications were assessed with long-term follow-up. Age and surgical variables were compared between commercial-breed pigs and pot-bellied pigs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Retained testes were most commonly located in the abdomen (27\/47 [57%] left-sided, 15\/47 [32%] right-sided, and 2\/47 [4%] bilateral); 2 pigs each had 1 retained testis in the inguinal region, and 1 pig had 1 retained testis in the abdomen and 1 in the inguinal region. Forty-four pigs with abdominally retained testes were treated successfully with a paramedian surgical approach, including 3 for which an inguinal approach was attempted first. An inguinal approach was successful for 3 pigs with inguinally retained testes and 1 with an abdominally retained testis. Standard castration techniques were used for normally descended and inguinally retained testes. Long-term follow-up was available for 34 pigs; minor complications were reported for 3 (9%). Pot-bellied pigs were significantly older than commercial-breed pigs. No other intergroup differences were found.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The paramedian surgical approach was successfully used for removal of abdominally retained testes in all pigs that underwent the procedure. The overall complication rate for cryptorchidectomy in the study sample was low.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.258.10.1130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T15:22:45Z","timestamp":1620141765000},"page":"1130-1134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cryptorchidectomy with a paramedian or inguinal approach in domestic pigs: 47 cases (2000\u20132018)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"258","author":[{"given":"Jase A.","family":"Skelton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aubrey N.","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan F.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Ruple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Reproduction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0272","article-title":"Cryptorchidism in common eutherian mammals","volume":"133","author":"Amann RP","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amann RP, Veeramachaneni DNR. Cryptorchidism in common eutherian mammals. Reproduction 2007;133:541\u2013561.10.1530\/REP-06-0272"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Can J Genet Cytol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1139\/g79-002","article-title":"A genetic study of cryptorchidism and scrotal hernia in pigs","volume":"21","author":"Mikami H","year":"1979","unstructured":"Mikami H, Fredeen HT. A genetic study of cryptorchidism and scrotal hernia in pigs. Can J Genet Cytol 1979;21:9\u201319.10.1139\/g79-002"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Hered","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a103951","article-title":"Inheritance of cryptorchidism in swine","volume":"25","author":"McPhee HC","year":"1934","unstructured":"McPhee HC, Buckley SS. Inheritance of cryptorchidism in swine. J Hered 1934;25:295\u2013303.10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a103951"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103592","article-title":"Pig surgery: cryptorchidectomy using an inguinal approach","volume":"178","author":"Scollo A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scollo A, Martelli P, Borri E,  Pig surgery: cryptorchidectomy using an inguinal approach. Vet Rec 2016;178:609.10.1136\/vr.103592"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"343","article-title":"Retrospective study of 350 cases of equine cryptorchidism","volume":"172","author":"Stickle RL","year":"1978","unstructured":"Stickle RL, Fessler JF. Retrospective study of 350 cases of equine cryptorchidism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978;172:343\u2013346."},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1979.tb01321.x","article-title":"An analysis of 500 cases of equine cryptorchidism","volume":"11","author":"Cox JE","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cox JE, Edwards GB, Neal PA. An analysis of 500 cases of equine cryptorchidism. Equine Vet J 1979;11:113\u2013116.10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1979.tb01321.x"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Diseases of swine","first-page":"179","article-title":"Special considerations for show and pet pigs","author":"Woods AL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Woods AL, Tynes VV. Special considerations for show and pet pigs. In: Zimmerman JJ, Karriker LA, Ramirez A, , eds. Diseases of swine. 10th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2012;179\u2013185."},{"key":"R8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"599","article-title":"Cryptorchid surgery in swine","volume":"166","author":"Ladwig VD","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ladwig VD. Cryptorchid surgery in swine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1975;166:599\u2013600."},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Diseases of swine","first-page":"119","article-title":"Anesthesia and surgical procedures in swine","author":"Anderson DE","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anderson DE, Jean G. Anesthesia and surgical procedures in swine. In: Zimmerman JJ, Karriker LA, Ramirez A, , eds. Diseases of swine. 10th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2012;119\u2013140."},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"153","article-title":"Laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy in 2 Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs (Sus scrofa)","volume":"56","author":"Rosanova N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosanova N, Singh A, Cribb N. Laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy in 2 Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs (Sus scrofa). Can Vet J 2015;56:153\u2013156."},{"key":"R11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.7.777","article-title":"Cryptorchidectomy in equids: 604 cases (1977\u20132010)","volume":"246","author":"Hartman R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hartman R, Hawkins JF, Adams SB,  Cryptorchidectomy in equids: 604 cases (1977\u20132010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;246:777\u2013784.10.2460\/javma.246.7.777"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/258\/10\/javma.258.10.1130.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/258\/10\/javma.258.10.1130.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/258\/10\/javma.258.10.1130.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T01:19:55Z","timestamp":1696555195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/258\/10\/javma.258.10.1130.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.258.10.1130","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]}}}