{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T09:39:17Z","timestamp":1774690757556,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\nCASE DESCRIPTION<\/jats:title>\nA 2-month-old 12.0-kg (26.4-lb) sexually intact male alpaca was evaluated for a 1-week history of progressive forelimb lameness with no known history of trauma.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCLINICAL FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\nThe cria had toe-touching lameness in the right forelimb with a firm swelling at the distal dorsomedial metacarpal region. Signs of pain were elicited on palpation of the swollen region. There was no associated wound or draining tract. Radiographic examination revealed soft tissue swelling and osteomyelitis of the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone with a possible medial cortical sequestrum.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nTREATMENT AND OUTCOME<\/jats:title>\nThe cria was hospitalized and treated with meloxicam (1 mg\/kg [0.45 mg\/lb], PO, q 72 h) and ceftiofur sodium administered SC (2.2 mg\/kg [1 mg\/lb], q 12 h for 8 days) and by means of regional limb perfusion (1.25 mg\/kg [0.57 mg\/lb], IV, q 48 h for 8 days). Lameness and swelling improved, and the cria was discharged from the hospital with meloxicam (1 mg\/kg, PO, q 72 h for 2 weeks) and ceftiofur crystalline free acid (1.5 mg\/kg [0.68 mg\/kg], SC, q 5 d for 2 weeks). At a recheck examination 17 days later, there was radiographic evidence of a well-defined 3.4 \u00d7 0.3-cm osseous sequestrum in the distal aspect of the affected third metacarpal bone. The owner declined further treatment and elected to monitor the cria at home. One year later, radiographic examination revealed nearly complete resolution of the sequestrum.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\nResults for this patient suggested that osseous sequestra in some camelids may resolve following medical treatment without surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.258.12.1394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T19:00:16Z","timestamp":1622574016000},"page":"1394-1397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Medical management of an osseous sequestrum in an alpaca cria"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"258","author":[{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Oman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela R. F.","family":"Adkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon K.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"N Z Vet J","first-page":"46","article-title":"Surgical treatment of osteomyelitis and formation of a sequestrum in the distal metaphysis of the humerus in an alpaca cria","volume":"59","author":"Debney S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Debney S, Wereska M, Dart CM, Surgical treatment of osteomyelitis and formation of a sequestrum in the distal metaphysis of the humerus in an alpaca cria. N Z Vet J 2011;59:46\u201349."},{"key":"R2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"430","article-title":"Osseous sequestration in alpacas and llamas: 36 cases (1999\u20132010)","volume":"243","author":"Rousseau M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rousseau M, Anderson DE, Niehaus AJ, Osseous sequestration in alpacas and llamas: 36 cases (1999\u20132010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013;243:430\u2013436."},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"2","article-title":"Osseous sequestration in the horse. A review of 68 cases","volume":"17","author":"Clem MF","year":"1988","unstructured":"Clem MF, DeBowes RM, Yovich JV, Osseous sequestration in the horse. A review of 68 cases. Vet Surg 1988;17:2\u20135."},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"376","article-title":"Osseous sequestration in cattle: 110 cases (1987\u20131997)","volume":"217","author":"Valentino LW","year":"2000","unstructured":"Valentino LW, St Jean G, Anderson DE, Osseous sequestration in cattle: 110 cases (1987\u20131997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;217:376\u2013383."},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"369","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"364","author":"Lew DP","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lew DP, Waldvogel FA. Osteomyelitis. Lancet 2004;364:369\u2013379."},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"283","article-title":"Surgical treatment of osteomyelitis and sequestration of the ilium by a cranial partial hemipelvectomy in an alpaca cria","volume":"88","author":"Bischofberger AS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bischofberger AS, Dart CM, Dart AJ. Surgical treatment of osteomyelitis and sequestration of the ilium by a cranial partial hemipelvectomy in an alpaca cria. Aust Vet J 2010;88:283\u2013285."},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Medicine and surgery of South American camelids","first-page":"452","author":"Fowler ME","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fowler ME. Medicine and surgery of South American camelids. 2nd ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1998;452\u2013467."},{"key":"R8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"519","article-title":"Culture-positive sepsis in neonatal camelids: 21 cases","volume":"21","author":"Dolente BA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dolente BA, Lindborg S, Palmer JE, Culture-positive sepsis in neonatal camelids: 21 cases. J Vet Intern Med 2007;21:519\u2013525."},{"key":"R9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"136","article-title":"Septic flexor tendonitis and suspensory desmitis in an alpaca","volume":"243","author":"Hunter BG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hunter BG, Semevolos SA. Septic flexor tendonitis and suspensory desmitis in an alpaca. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013;243:136\u2013139."},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Llama and alpaca care: medicine, surgery, reproduction, nutrition, and herd health","first-page":"669","article-title":"Musculoskeletal surgery","author":"Reed SK","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reed SK, Semevolos SA, Newman KD, Musculoskeletal surgery. In: Cebra C, Anderson DE, Tibary A, , eds. Llama and alpaca care: medicine, surgery, reproduction, nutrition, and herd health. St Louis: Elsevier, 2014;669\u2013690."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/258\/12\/javma.258.12.1394.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/258\/12\/javma.258.12.1394.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/258\/12\/javma.258.12.1394.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T01:21:31Z","timestamp":1696555291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/258\/12\/javma.258.12.1394.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.258.12.1394","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]}}}