{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:46:42Z","timestamp":1790628402516,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate and compare the anesthetic, analgesic, and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-detomidine-butorphanol (TZDB), tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol (TZXB), and ketamine-detomidine-butorphanol (KDB) in pigs and to assess anesthetic recovery duration and quality following administration of tolazoline as a reversal agent.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>11 healthy 2.5-month-old castrated male Landrace mixed-breed pigs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In a randomized, blinded crossover study design, pigs received the following anesthetic combinations, IM: TZDB (tiletamine-zolazepam [3 mg\/kg {1.36 mg\/lb}], detomidine [0.18 mg\/kg {0.08 mg\/lb}], and butorphanol [0.12 mg\/kg {0.05 mg\/lb}]); TZXB (tiletamine-zolazepam [4 mg\/kg {1.8 mg\/lb}], xylazine [4 mg\/kg], and butorphanol [0.2 mg\/kg {0.09 mg\/lb}]); and KDB (ketamine [8 mg\/kg {3.63 mg\/lb}], detomidine [0.18 mg\/kg], and butorphanol [0.3 mg\/kg {0.14 mg\/lb}]). A 7-day washout period was provided between treatments. At 45 minutes of anesthesia, pigs received tolazoline (2 mg\/kg [0.9 mg\/lb], IM; n = 6) treatment or control (5) treatment with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All anesthetic combinations induced anesthesia. Endotracheal intubation was completed within 5 minutes after anesthetic administration in all pigs, except in 2 pigs following administration of KDB. Durations (mean \u00b1 SD) of endotracheal intubation and lateral recumbency in pigs that did not receive tolazoline were 55.3 \u00b1 4.8 minutes, 83.8 \u00b1 15.8 minutes, and 28.2 \u00b1 4.5 minutes and 112.4 \u00b1 18.7 minutes, 117.2 \u00b1 16.7 minutes, and 79.7 \u00b1 6.0 minutes, respectively, for the TZDB, TZXB, and KDB anesthetic treatments. Tolazoline significantly shortened the duration of anesthetic recovery for all anesthetic treatments without affecting the recovery quality.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All 3 anesthetic combinations were suitable for providing anesthesia in pigs. Tolazoline administration shortened the duration of anesthetic recovery without affecting the quality of recovery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.258.8.883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T13:42:16Z","timestamp":1617802936000},"page":"883-891","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison of anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-detomidine-butorphanol, tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol, and ketamine-detomidine-butorphanol in pigs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"258","author":[{"given":"Li-Jen","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff C.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann B.","family":"Weil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Yi","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3390\/ani7080061","article-title":"Optimum drug combinations for the sedation of growing boars prior to castration","volume":"7","author":"Lehmann HS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lehmann HS, Blache D, Drynan E,  Optimum drug combinations for the sedation of growing boars prior to castration. 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