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Data were collected on clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic findings and results for serum and synovial samples obtained before and 6 months after treatment. Lameness score, joint flexion test response, radiographic score, serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and carboxy-terminal telopeptides of collagen types I and II (CTX-I and II, respectively), and synovial fluid concentrations of interleukin-1\u03b2, prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and CTX-II were compared among treatments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All treatments resulted in a significant improvement in lameness score and joint flexion test response at 6 months. In horses that received triamcino-lone acetonide and hyaluronan, synovial fluid interleukin-1\u03b2, prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and CTX-II concentrations decreased after treatment, suggesting this treatment inhibited progression of hyaline cartilage degeneration and inflammatory processes. Horses that received tiludronate were the only group that had a decrease in radiographic score and serum CTX-I concentration after treatment, supporting the effect of tiludronate on bone metabolism. Tiludronate treatment was also followed by increases in serum and synovial fluid concentrations of CTX-II, a marker of cartilage damage.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Tiludronate appeared to inhibit the radiographic progression of osteoarthritis in high-motion joints of racehorses at 6 months after treatment by inhibiting subchondral bone remodeling. Whether this effect was associated with a worsening of progressive cartilage damage remains to be ascertained.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.259.6.651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T15:37:56Z","timestamp":1630078676000},"page":"651-661","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of intravenous tiludronate disodium administration on the radiographic progression of osteoarthritis of the fetlock joint in Standardbred racehorses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bertuglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Basano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Pagliara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nika Brkljaca","family":"Bottegaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Orthopaedics and Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Spinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy (Spinella)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Bullone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Bone Joint Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.111.2000132","article-title":"The horse as a model of naturally occurring osteoarthritis","volume":"1","author":"McIlwraith CW","year":"2012","unstructured":"McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Kawcak CE. 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