{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T04:01:58Z","timestamp":1775793718686,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the reticulorumen pH of beef feedlot steers throughout the feeding period and to assess the association between the respective durations that the reticulorumen pH was \u2264 5.6 (subacute ruminal acidosis) and \u2264 5.2 (acute ruminal acidosis) and liver abscess severity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>59 feedlot steers (mean body weight, 349.5 kg).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>On day 0, each steer was orally administered an electronic bolus that monitored the reticulorumen pH every 10 minutes for 150 days. Steers were transitioned from a starter to intermediate ration on day 8 (transition 1) and from the intermediate to finish ration on day 19 (transition 2). The ration carbohydrate and megacalorie contents increased with each transition. During each transition, the lower megacalorie ration was fed at the 8:00 <jats:sc>AM<\/jats:sc> feeding and the higher megacalorie ration was fed at the 2:00 <jats:sc>PM<\/jats:sc> feeding for 3 days before the higher megacalorie ration was fed extensively. Steers were sent to slaughter after 182 days; each carcass was assessed for liver abscesses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The diurnal reticulorumen pH pattern was characterized by a peak at 7:00 <jats:sc>AM<\/jats:sc> and nadir at 8:00 <jats:sc>PM<\/jats:sc>. The mean percentages of time that the reticulorumen pH was \u2264 5.6 and \u2264 5.2 were more than 10-fold greater during transition 1, compared with during transition 2, and were significantly greater for steers with extensive liver abscesses than for steers without extensive liver abscesses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Efforts to minimize the duration that the reticulorumen pH is \u2264 5.6 might mitigate liver abscess formation in feedlot cattle.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.259.8.899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T14:08:36Z","timestamp":1633442916000},"page":"899-908","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of the reticulorumen pH throughout the feeding period for beef feedlot steers maintained in a commercial feedlot and its association with liver abscesses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"Miles E.","family":"Theurer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Veterinary Research and Consulting Services LLC, Hays, KS 67601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Trent","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Veterinary Research and Consulting Services LLC, Hays, KS 67601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis M.","family":"McCarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Veterinary Research and Consulting Services LLC, Hays, KS 67601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"McCollum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Veterinary Research and Consulting Services LLC, Hays, KS 67601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hy-Plains Education and Research Center LLC, Montezuma, KS 67867"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simpson Nutrition Services LLC, Canyon, TX 79015"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cattle Trail Inc, Dodge City, KS 67801"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Afr J Biotechnol","first-page":"6229","article-title":"Volatile fatty acids production in ruminants and the role of monocarboxylate transporters: a review","volume":"9","author":"Aluwong T","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aluwong T, Kobo PI, Abdullahi A. Volatile fatty acids production in ruminants and the role of monocarboxylate transporters: a review. Afr J Biotechnol 2010;9:6229\u20136232."},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol B","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(87)90433-0","article-title":"Occurrence, absorption and metabolism of short chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of mammals","volume":"86","author":"Bugaut M","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bugaut M. Occurrence, absorption and metabolism of short chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of mammals. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1987;86:439\u2013472.10.1016\/0305-0491(87)90433-0"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Agric Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859608007752","article-title":"Aspects of rumen microbiology central to mechanistic modelling of methane production in cattle","volume":"146","author":"Ellis JL","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ellis JL, Dijkstra J, Kebreab E,  Aspects of rumen microbiology central to mechanistic modelling of methane production in cattle. J Agric Sci 2008;146:213\u2013233.10.1017\/S0021859608007752"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"R4","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E25","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.8413_supplE25x","article-title":"Adaptation of beef cattle to high-concentrate diets: performance and ruminal metabolism","volume":"84","author":"Brown MS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown MS, Ponce CH, Pulikanti R. Adaptation of beef cattle to high-concentrate diets: performance and ruminal metabolism. J Anim Sci 2006;84(suppl):E25\u2013E33.10.2527\/2006.8413_supplE25x"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.761275x","article-title":"Acidosis in cattle: a review","volume":"76","author":"Owens FN","year":"1998","unstructured":"Owens FN, Secrist DS, Hill WJ,  Acidosis in cattle: a review. J Anim Sci 1998;76:275\u2013286.10.2527\/1998.761275x"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Can J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4141\/A02-061","article-title":"Nutritionally related disorders affecting feedlot cattle","volume":"83","author":"Galyean ML","year":"2003","unstructured":"Galyean ML, Rivera JD. Nutritionally related disorders affecting feedlot cattle. Can J Anim Sci 2003;83:13\u201320.10.4141\/A02-061"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"R7","series-title":"J Anim Sci","first-page":"E149","article-title":"Effect of bunk management on feeding behavior, ruminal acidosis and performance of feedlot cattle: a review","volume":"81","author":"Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, Beauchemin KA, Gibb DJ,  Effect of bunk management on feeding behavior, ruminal acidosis and performance of feedlot cattle: a review. J Anim Sci 2003;81(suppl 2):E149\u2013E158."},{"key":"R8","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.81112869x","article-title":"Interaction between bunk management and monensin concentration on finishing performance, feeding behavior, and ruminal metabolism during an acidosis challenge with feedlot cattle","volume":"81","author":"Erickson GE","year":"2003","unstructured":"Erickson GE, Milton CT, Fanning KC,  Interaction between bunk management and monensin concentration on finishing performance, feeding behavior, and ruminal metabolism during an acidosis challenge with feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2003;81:2869\u20132879.10.2527\/2003.81112869x"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.7751093x","article-title":"Effects of imposed feed intake variation on acidosis and performance of finishing steers","volume":"77","author":"Cooper RJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cooper RJ, Klopfenstein TJ, Stock RA,  Effects of imposed feed intake variation on acidosis and performance of finishing steers. J Anim Sci 1999;77:1093\u20131099.10.2527\/1999.7751093x"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-0261","article-title":"Liver abscesses in cattle: a review of incidence in Holsteins and of bacteriology and vaccine approaches to control in feedlot cattle","volume":"94","author":"Amachawadi RG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amachawadi RG, Nagaraja TG. Liver abscesses in cattle: a review of incidence in Holsteins and of bacteriology and vaccine approaches to control in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2016;94:1620\u20131632.10.2527\/jas.2015-0261"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.761287x","article-title":"Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle: a review","volume":"76","author":"Nagaraja TG","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nagaraja TG, Chengappa MM. Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle: a review. J Anim Sci 1998;76:287\u2013298.10.2527\/1998.761287x"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3219","article-title":"Association of liver abnormalities with carcass grading performance and value","volume":"88","author":"Brown TR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brown TR, Lawrence TE. Association of liver abnormalities with carcass grading performance and value. J Anim Sci 2010;88:4037\u20134043.10.2527\/jas.2010-3219"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-7222","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and relationships of lung lesions, liver abnormalities, and rumen health scores measured at slaughter in beef cattle","volume":"92","author":"Rezac DJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rezac DJ, Thomson DU, Bartle SJ,  Prevalence, severity, and relationships of lung lesions, liver abnormalities, and rumen health scores measured at slaughter in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2014;92:2595\u20132602.10.2527\/jas.2013-7222"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"smaXtec pH plus bolus: activation\u00e2\u20ac\u201dsmaXtec\u00e2\u20ac\u201dnext generation dairy farming","unstructured":"smaXtec pH plus bolus: activation\u00e2\u20ac\u201dsmaXtec\u00e2\u20ac\u201dnext generation dairy farming. Available at: smaxtec.com\/en\/smaxtec-system-in-detail\/. Accessed Jan 14, 2020."},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Livest Prod Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(99)00047-0","article-title":"Validation of a radio frequency identification system for monitoring the feeding patterns of feedlot cattle","volume":"60","author":"Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, Huisma C, McAllister TA. Validation of a radio frequency identification system for monitoring the feeding patterns of feedlot cattle. Livest Prod Sci 1999;60:27\u201331.10.1016\/S0301-6226(99)00047-0"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3489","article-title":"Validation of a system for monitoring feeding behavior in beef cattle","volume":"89","author":"Mendes EDM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mendes EDM, Carstens GE, Tedeschi LO,  Validation of a system for monitoring feeding behavior in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2011;89:2904\u20132910.10.2527\/jas.2010-3489"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Bov Pract","first-page":"168","article-title":"A comparison of two vaccines to reduce liver abscesses in natural-fed beef cattle","volume":"43","author":"Fox JT","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fox JT, Thomson DU, Lindberg NN,  A comparison of two vaccines to reduce liver abscesses in natural-fed beef cattle. Bov Pract 2009;43:168\u2013174."},{"key":"R18","series-title":"Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports 1998","article-title":"Observations on acidosis through continual feed intake and ruminal pH monitoring","author":"Cooper R","unstructured":"Cooper R, Klopfenstein TJ, Stock R,  Observations on acidosis through continual feed intake and ruminal pH monitoring. Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports 1998. Available at: digitalcommons.unl.edu\/animalscinbcr\/329. Accessed Jul 20, 2020."},{"key":"R19","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-7599","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, severity, and risk factors for ruminal acidosis in feedlot steers during backgrounding, diet transition, and finishing","volume":"92","author":"Castillo-Lopez E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castillo-Lopez E, Wiese BI, Hendrick S,  Incidence, prevalence, severity, and risk factors for ruminal acidosis in feedlot steers during backgrounding, diet transition, and finishing. J Anim Sci 2014;92:3053\u20133063.10.2527\/jas.2014-7599"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1493","article-title":"Effect of essential oils, tylosin, and monensin on finishing steer performance, carcass characteristics, liver abscesses, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility","volume":"87","author":"Meyer NF","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meyer NF, Erickson GE, Klopfenstein TJ,  Effect of essential oils, tylosin, and monensin on finishing steer performance, carcass characteristics, liver abscesses, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility. J Anim Sci 2009;87:2346\u20132354.10.2527\/jas.2008-1493"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Can J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas2013-073","article-title":"Ruminal pH profile and feeding behaviour of feedlot cattle transitioning from a high-forage to a high-concentrate diet","volume":"93","author":"Holtshausen L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holtshausen L, Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, Beauchemin KA. Ruminal pH profile and feeding behaviour of feedlot cattle transitioning from a high-forage to a high-concentrate diet. Can J Anim Sci 2013;93:529\u2013533.10.4141\/cjas2013-073"},{"key":"R22","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2016-0282","article-title":"Nutritional recommendations of feedlot consulting nutritionists: the 2015 New Mexico State and Texas Tech University survey","volume":"94","author":"Samuelson KL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Samuelson KL, Hubbert ME, Galyean ML,  Nutritional recommendations of feedlot consulting nutritionists: the 2015 New Mexico State and Texas Tech University survey. J Anim Sci 2016;94:2648\u20132663.10.2527\/jas.2016-0282"},{"key":"R23","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0261","article-title":"Nutritional recommendations of feedlot consulting nutritionists: the 2007 Texas Tech University survey","volume":"85","author":"Vasconcelos JT","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vasconcelos JT, Galyean ML. Nutritional recommendations of feedlot consulting nutritionists: the 2007 Texas Tech University survey. J Anim Sci 2007;85:2772\u20132781.10.2527\/jas.2007-0261"},{"key":"R24","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2017.06.005","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of ruminal acidosis and bloat in feedlots","volume":"33","author":"Meyer NF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meyer NF, Bryant TC. Diagnosis and management of ruminal acidosis and bloat in feedlots. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2017;33:481\u2013498.10.1016\/j.cvfa.2017.06.005"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R25","series-title":"J Dairy Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E17","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-478","article-title":"Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle: the current microbiological and nutritional outlook","volume":"90","author":"Nagaraja TG","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nagaraja TG, Titgemeyer EC. Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle: the current microbiological and nutritional outlook. J Dairy Sci 2007;90(suppl 1):E17\u2013E38.10.3168\/jds.2006-478"},{"key":"R26","series-title":"Physiol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1990.70.2.567","article-title":"Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species","volume":"70","author":"Bergman EN","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bergman EN. Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species. Physiol Rev 1990;70:567\u2013590.10.1152\/physrev.1990.70.2.567"},{"key":"R27","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3301","article-title":"Ruminant Nutrition Symposium: role of fermentation acid absorption in the regulation of ruminal pH","volume":"89","author":"Aschenbach JR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aschenbach JR, Penner GB, Stumpff F,  Ruminant Nutrition Symposium: role of fermentation acid absorption in the regulation of ruminal pH. J Anim Sci 2011;89:1092\u20131107.10.2527\/jas.2010-3301"},{"key":"R28","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.761234x","article-title":"Ruminal microbial and fermentative changes associated with experimentally induced subacute acidosis in steers","volume":"76","author":"Goad DW","year":"1998","unstructured":"Goad DW, Goad CL, Nagaraja TG. Ruminal microbial and fermentative changes associated with experimentally induced subacute acidosis in steers. J Anim Sci 1998;76:234\u2013241.10.2527\/1998.761234x"},{"key":"R29","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"2444","article-title":"Effect of ionophore antibiotics on experimentally induced lactic acidosis in cattle","volume":"46","author":"Nagaraja TG","year":"1985","unstructured":"Nagaraja TG, Avery TB, Galitzer SJ,  Effect of ionophore antibiotics on experimentally induced lactic acidosis in cattle. Am J Vet Res 1985;46:2444\u20132452."},{"key":"R30","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.761320x","article-title":"Diagnosis of digestive deaths","volume":"76","author":"Miles DG","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miles DG, Hoffman BW, Rogers KC,  Diagnosis of digestive deaths. J Anim Sci 1998;76:320\u2013322.10.2527\/1998.761320x"},{"key":"R31","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1976.434902x","article-title":"Physiological effects of acidosis on feedlot cattle","volume":"43","author":"Huber TL","year":"1976","unstructured":"Huber TL. Physiological effects of acidosis on feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 1976;43:902\u2013909.10.2527\/jas1976.434902x"},{"key":"R32","series-title":"Bov Pract","first-page":"52","article-title":"Stability of rumen pH measurements obtained postmortem","volume":"45","author":"Lee TL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee TL, Thomson DU, Wileman BW. Stability of rumen pH measurements obtained postmortem. Bov Pract 2011;45:52\u201356."},{"key":"R33","series-title":"ScientificWorldJournal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702572","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/702572","article-title":"Ruminal acidosis in feedlot: from aetiology to prevention","volume":"2014","author":"Hern\u00c3\u00a1ndez J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hern\u00c3\u00a1ndez J, Benedito JL, Abuelo A,  Ruminal acidosis in feedlot: from aetiology to prevention. ScientificWorldJournal 2014;2014:702572.10.1155\/2014\/702572"},{"key":"R34","series-title":"Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.11.006","article-title":"Evaluation of reticuloruminal pH measurements from individual cattle: sampling strategies for the assessment of herd status","volume":"243","author":"Jonsson NN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jonsson NN, Kleen JL, Wallace RJ,  Evaluation of reticuloruminal pH measurements from individual cattle: sampling strategies for the assessment of herd status. Vet J 2019;243:26\u201332.10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.11.006"},{"key":"R35","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-98","article-title":"Effect of induced ruminal acidosis on blood variables in heifers","volume":"9","author":"Marchesini G","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marchesini G, De Nardi R, Gianesella M,  Effect of induced ruminal acidosis on blood variables in heifers. BMC Vet Res 2013;9:98.10.1186\/1746-6148-9-98"},{"key":"R36","series-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.005","article-title":"Ruminal pH regulation and nutritional consequences of low pH","volume":"172","author":"Dijkstra J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dijkstra J, Ellis JL, Kebreab E,  Ruminal pH regulation and nutritional consequences of low pH. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012;172:22\u201333.10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.005"},{"key":"R37","series-title":"J Dairy Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76074-0","article-title":"Relationship between fermentation acid production in the rumen and the requirement for physically effective fiber","volume":"80","author":"Allen MS","year":"1997","unstructured":"Allen MS. Relationship between fermentation acid production in the rumen and the requirement for physically effective fiber. J Dairy Sci 1997;80:1447\u20131462.10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76074-0"},{"key":"R38","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.732516x","article-title":"The effect of slaframine on salivary output and subacute and acute acidosis in growing beef steers","volume":"73","author":"Hibbard B","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hibbard B, Peters JP, Chester ST,  The effect of slaframine on salivary output and subacute and acute acidosis in growing beef steers. J Anim Sci 1995;73:516\u2013525.10.2527\/1995.732516x"},{"key":"R39","series-title":"J Dairy Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(88)79930-0","article-title":"Dietary buffering requirements of the lactating dairy cow: a review","volume":"71","author":"Erdman RA","year":"1988","unstructured":"Erdman RA. Dietary buffering requirements of the lactating dairy cow: a review. J Dairy Sci 1988;71:3246\u20133266.10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(88)79930-0"},{"key":"R40","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1957.164773x","article-title":"Behavior patterns of sheep and cattle being fed pasture or soilage","volume":"16","author":"Lofgreen GP","year":"1957","unstructured":"Lofgreen GP, Meyer JH, Hull JL. Behavior patterns of sheep and cattle being fed pasture or soilage. J Anim Sci 1957;16:773\u2013780.10.2527\/jas1957.164773x"},{"key":"R41","series-title":"J Dairy Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73142-2","article-title":"Comparison of techniques for measurement of rumen pH in lactating dairy cows","volume":"87","author":"Duffield T","year":"2004","unstructured":"Duffield T, Plaizier JC, Fairfield A,  Comparison of techniques for measurement of rumen pH in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2004;87:59\u201366.10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73142-2"},{"key":"R42","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2007.05.002","article-title":"Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle","volume":"23","author":"Nagaraja TG","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nagaraja TG, Lechtenberg KF. Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2007;23:351\u2013369.10.1016\/j.cvfa.2007.05.002"},{"key":"R43","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.2527\/1990.6851201x","article-title":"Severity of liver abscesses and efficiency of feed utilization of feedlot cattle","volume":"68","author":"Brink DR","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brink DR, Lowry SR, Stock RA,  Severity of liver abscesses and efficiency of feed utilization of feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 1990;68:1201\u20131207.10.2527\/1990.6851201x"},{"key":"R44","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4959","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2016-0706","article-title":"Interpreting statistics from published research to answer clinical and management questions","volume":"94","author":"White BJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"White BJ, Larson RL, Theurer ME. Interpreting statistics from published research to answer clinical and management questions. J Anim Sci 2016;94:4959\u20134971.10.2527\/jas.2016-0706"},{"key":"R45","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-1778","article-title":"Analysis of modern technologies commonly used in beef cattle production: conventional beef production versus nonconventional production using meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Wileman BW","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wileman BW, Thomson DU, Reinhardt CD,  Analysis of modern technologies commonly used in beef cattle production: conventional beef production versus nonconventional production using meta-analysis. J Anim Sci 2009;87:3418\u20133426.10.2527\/jas.2009-1778"},{"key":"R46","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky166","article-title":"Effects of intermittent feeding of tylosin phosphate during the finishing period on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and incidence and severity of liver abscesses in steers","volume":"96","author":"M\u00c3\u00bcller HC","year":"2018","unstructured":"M\u00c3\u00bcller HC, Van Bibber-Krueger CL, Ogunrinu OJ,  Effects of intermittent feeding of tylosin phosphate during the finishing period on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and incidence and severity of liver abscesses in steers. J Anim Sci 2018;96:2877\u20132885.10.1093\/jas\/sky166"},{"key":"R47","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00090","article-title":"Investigation of a reduction in tylosin on the prevalence of liver abscesses and antimicrobial resistance in enterococci in feedlot cattle","volume":"7","author":"Davedow T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davedow T, Narvaez-Bravo C, Zaheer R,  Investigation of a reduction in tylosin on the prevalence of liver abscesses and antimicrobial resistance in enterococci in feedlot cattle. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:90.10.3389\/fvets.2020.00090"},{"key":"R48","series-title":"Bov Pract","first-page":"117","article-title":"Effect of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079) feed additive on health and growth parameters of high-risk heifers in a commercial feedlot","volume":"53","author":"Theurer ME","year":"2019","unstructured":"Theurer ME, Fox JT, Aguilar A,  Effect of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079) feed additive on health and growth parameters of high-risk heifers in a commercial feedlot. Bov Pract 2019;53:117\u2013127."},{"key":"R49","series-title":"J Dairy Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3116","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1718","article-title":"Competition at the feed bunk changes the feeding, standing, and social behavior of transition dairy cows","volume":"92","author":"Proudfoot KL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Proudfoot KL, Veira DM, Weary DM,  Competition at the feed bunk changes the feeding, standing, and social behavior of transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2009;92:3116\u20133123.10.3168\/jds.2008-1718"},{"key":"R50","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4682","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz323","article-title":"Performance, rumination, and rumen pH responses to different dietary energy density and feed management strategies in auction-derived feedlot cattle","volume":"97","author":"Tomczak DJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tomczak DJ, Lockard CL, Jennings JS,  Performance, rumination, and rumen pH responses to different dietary energy density and feed management strategies in auction-derived feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2019;97:4682\u20134690.10.1093\/jas\/skz323"},{"key":"R51","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.2527\/2002.8051145x","article-title":"Flaking corn: processing mechanics, quality standards, and impacts on energy availability and performance of feedlot cattle","volume":"80","author":"Zinn RA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zinn RA, Owens FN, Ware RA. Flaking corn: processing mechanics, quality standards, and impacts on energy availability and performance of feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2002;80:1145\u20131156.10.2527\/2002.8051145x"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/259\/8\/javma.259.8.899.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/259\/8\/javma.259.8.899.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/259\/8\/javma.259.8.899.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T01:36:48Z","timestamp":1696556208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/259\/8\/javma.259.8.899.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.259.8.899","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]}}}