{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T18:23:43Z","timestamp":1787336623918,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the correlation between cytology and histopathology of splenic masses or nodular lesions in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective medical record review from January 2014 to July 2022 of dogs that had a splenic mass or nodular lesion and cytologic and histopathologic evaluation within 90 days of each other. Slide review was conducted by a single pathologist from each subspecialty and recorded as neoplastic, possibly neoplastic, or nonneoplastic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>33 dogs were included and had a median of 4 days (range, 0 to 90 days) between cytologic and histopathologic evaluation. Cytologic and histopathologic results agreed in 18 of 33 dogs (55%; 12 nonneoplastic and 6 neoplastic), although the type of neoplasm differed in one of these (sarcoma vs lymphoma). There was disagreement in 8 of 33 dogs (24%; 7 neoplastic on histopathology and nonneoplastic on cytology, 1 nonneoplastic on histopathology and neoplastic on cytology). When including a possibly neoplastic cytologic diagnosis as neoplastic, there was agreement in 22 of 33 dogs (67%) and disagreement in 11 of 33 dogs (33%). In dogs with a neoplastic or possibly neoplastic cytologic diagnosis, 10 of 14 (71%) were neoplastic on histopathology. In dogs with a nonneoplastic cytologic diagnosis, 12 of 19 (63%) were nonneoplastic on histopathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cytologic diagnosis correlated with histopathologic diagnosis of splenic masses or nodular lesions in 55% to 67% of dogs. Cytology was accurate in 71% of neoplastic and 63% of nonneoplastic splenic masses or nodular lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is poor to fair agreement between cytology and histopathology in dogs with splenic masses or nodular lesions. A neoplastic cytologic diagnosis more commonly agrees with histopathology than a nonneoplastic diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.26.01.0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:19:39Z","timestamp":1777483179000},"page":"1195-1199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytology and histopathology have poor to fair agreement for determination of neoplastic or nonneoplastic lesions in dogs with splenic masses or nodules"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Matthew F.","family":"Aluisio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5579-1183","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bridget C.","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6358-1381","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth W.","family":"Howerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7943-7202","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Travis","family":"Laver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4554-8013","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janet A.","family":"Grimes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc.","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Incidence of malignancy and outcomes for dogs undergoing splenectomy for incidentally detected nonruptured splenic nodules or masses: 105 cases (2009-2013)","volume":"248","author":"Cleveland MJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cleveland MJ, Casale S. 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Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2003;33(1):135-152. doi:10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00082-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/9\/javma.26.01.0006.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/9\/javma.26.01.0006.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/9\/javma.26.01.0006.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T17:24:27Z","timestamp":1787333067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/9\/javma.26.01.0006.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.26.01.0006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}}}