{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:54:05Z","timestamp":1792173245228,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether using a needleless dispensing pin (test port) with a 1-way valve decreases bacterial contamination of communal-use IV fluid bags in a simulated clinical scenario.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>30 paired sets of IV fluid bags (0.9% NaCl, 1,000 mL) were hung in a common hospital location (anesthesia induction). Each set contained a control bag that was sampled via its native puncture port and a test bag sampled via the 1-way valved port. Fluid samples (3 mL) were removed 3 times daily for 10 consecutive days via respective bag ports. On days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10, duplicate port surface swabs and 50-mL fluid samples were submitted for bacterial culture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean total CFU (port + fluid) was not significantly different between groups (control = 0.0955 CFU; test = 0.0897 CFU). Mean port CFU (control = 0.07 CFU; test = 0.1567 CFU) and mean fluid CFU (control = 0.1209 CFU; test = 0.0028 CFU) were not significantly different between groups. Probability of contamination was not different between control and test groups. Forty-nine of 600 sample points (8.17%) were contaminated. The most common isolates were\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp (n = 24) and\n                      <jats:italic>Micrococcus luteus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (15).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results indicated no significant reduction in contamination of the port or fluid contents when the test port was used compared with the native puncture port.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Users should not rely on the test port to reduce bacterial contamination of communal-use fluid bags.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.26.01.0036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T13:31:57Z","timestamp":1784122317000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Needleless dispensing pin with 1-way valve does not decrease bacterial contamination of communal-use intravenous fluid bags in simulated clinical scenario"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Anthony R.","family":"Barillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle R.","family":"Dugat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akilesh","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratyaydipta","family":"Rudra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal","author":"Johnston SA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johnston SA, Tobias KM, eds. 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