{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T13:04:56Z","timestamp":1789736696532,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide a video tutorial on how to perform equine castrations using the closed technique and primary closure of the skin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intact male horses presented to equine veterinary hospitals for castration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The closed castration technique was performed with incisions over the inguinal rings and primary closure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This technique is associated with minimal complications, decreased edema, less pain, lower infection rates, and faster healing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The technique presented in this video tutorial provides a quick and safe method for removing descended as well as nondescended testicles in an inguinal location. This technique is associated with faster recovery and return to sports activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.26.02.0091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T13:57:15Z","timestamp":1782914235000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orchiectomy in horses: closed technique and primary closure of the incision"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5423-2910","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Prazeres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I-MVET Research in Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I-MVET Research in Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I-MVET Research in Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Agr\u00edcola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I-MVET Research in Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I-MVET Research in Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5265-4936","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gesiane","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I-MVET Research in Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Science Centre, Lus\u00f3fona University, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Proceedings of the 47th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners","first-page":"423","article-title":"How to perform a primary closure castration using an inguinal incision","author":"Sedrish SA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sedrish SA, Leonard JM. How to perform a primary closure castration using an inguinal incision. Abstract in: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. American Association of Equine Practitioners; 2001:423\u2013425."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/10\/javma.26.02.0091.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/10\/javma.26.02.0091.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/10\/javma.26.02.0091.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:15:07Z","timestamp":1789733707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/10\/javma.26.02.0091.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":1,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.26.02.0091","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}}}