{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T18:23:42Z","timestamp":1787336622950,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate bexagliflozin for insulin control in horses with naturally occurring insulin dysregulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study, 10 client-owned Arabian horses with hyperinsulinemia (&gt; 30 \u03bcIU\/mL) were treated with bexagliflozin (0.03 mg\/kg, PO, q 24 h; BEXA03) or placebo control for a 10-day treatment period, crossing over after a 4-day washout. After a further 12-day washout, 8 of the horses were treated with bexagliflozin (0.06 mg\/kg, PO, q 24 h; BEXA06) for an additional 7-day treatment period. Oral sugar tests were performed at the beginning of each treatment period (untreated control) and on the final day of each treatment course. Insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and adipokines were compared with mixed-effects linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean resting, maximal (C\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and area under the curve (AUC) insulin were lower after BEXA06 (resting, 17.6 \u03bcIU\/mL [95% CI, 5.3 to 29.9 \u03bcIU\/mL]; C\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 48.4 \u03bcIU\/mL [95% CI, 24.0 to 72.8 \u03bcIU\/mL]; AUC, 4,084.0 \u03bcIU\/mL*min [95% CI, 1,944.4 to 6,223.5 \u03bcIU\/mL*min]) compared to placebo control (resting, 53.9 \u03bcIU\/mL [95% CI, 35.0 to 72.7 \u03bcIU\/mL]; C\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 90.9 \u03bcIU\/mL [95% CI, 65.0 to 116.9 \u03bcIU\/mL]; AUC, 9,146.3 \u03bcIU\/mL*min [95% CI, 6,428.9 to 11,863.7 \u03bcIU\/mL*min]), but not after BEXA03. Mild hypertriglyceridemia was observed in some horses following treatment with BEXA06 (n = 5), but mean resting triglyceride concentrations were not significantly higher for BEXA06 (49 mg\/dL; 95% CI, 30 to 67 mg\/dL) compared to the untreated control (32 mg\/dL; 95% CI, 26 to 38 mg\/dL).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bexagliflozin (0.06 mg\/kg, PO, q 24 h) controlled insulin with minimal impact on serum triglycerides in Arabian horses with naturally occurring insulin dysregulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment with bexagliflozin was effective for the short-term management of naturally occurring insulin dysregulation in horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.26.02.0098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:31:29Z","timestamp":1778261489000},"page":"1200-1209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bexagliflozin controls hyperinsulinemia in horses with naturally occurring insulin dysregulation: a placebo-controlled crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Caitrin R.","family":"Lowndes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Luethy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2121-8666","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Georgia","family":"Skelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeaneen","family":"Kulp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darko","family":"Stefanovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"van Eps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","series-title":"Clin Diabetes.","first-page":"4","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors: a new mechanism for glycemic control","volume":"32","author":"Chao EC","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chao EC. 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