{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T13:04:05Z","timestamp":1789736645004,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate clinical response and fecal biomarkers in dogs with tylosin-responsive enteropathy (TRE) treated with oral fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (conducted between August 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022), 14 client-owned dogs with confirmed tylosin-responsive enteropathy entered the treatment phase. Dogs received oral FMT (n = 7) or placebo (7) for 4 weeks; 1 placebo-treated dog was excluded (pyometra), leaving 7 FMT-treated and 6 placebo-treated dogs for analysis. Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index, fecal consistency, and fecal biomarkers (dysbiosis index, core bacteria, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, lactate, and calprotectin) were assessed at pretreatment and posttreatment visits. Intestinal permeability was evaluated with serum iohexol. Analyses were limited to pre- and posttreatment comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Relapse occurred in 2 of 7 FMT-treated dogs (28.6%) and 3 of 6 placebo-treated dogs (50.0%). The dysbiosis index decreased over time in both groups, with no treatment effect.\n                      <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp increased, with higher posttreatment values in the FMT group, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>Turicibacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp increased in both groups.\n                      <jats:italic>Peptacetobacter hiranonis<\/jats:italic>\n                      increased over time without between-group differences. Bile acid conversion was observed in a subset of dogs without group differences. Other biomarkers showed no consistent treatment-specific effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral FMT was associated with variable microbiome changes and inconsistent clinical response, with no clear treatment-specific effects compared with placebo. These findings support further evaluation of optimized microbiome-based therapies in larger studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral FMT may serve as an adjunctive strategy for microbiome modulation in dogs with chronic enteropathy; however, clinical benefits were inconsistent and optimized protocols may be required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.26.03.0178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:10:38Z","timestamp":1784740238000},"page":"1314-1324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical trial reveals limited clinical and microbiome effects following oral fecal microbiota transplantation in dogs with chronic enteropathy responsive to tylosin"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6534-3766","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Hanifeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5769-1629","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mirja","family":"Huhtinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orion R&D, Orion Corp, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4938-6226","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Holly H.","family":"Ganz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnimalBiome, Oakland, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3485-5157","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Romy M.","family":"Heilmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9268-7720","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0176-7428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Spillmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2176-6932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan S.","family":"Suchodolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"40","article-title":"ACVIM-endorsed statement: consensus statement and systematic review on guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs","volume":"40","author":"Heilmann RM","year":"2026","unstructured":"Heilmann RM, Jergens AE, Kathrani A,  ACVIM-endorsed statement: consensus statement and systematic review on guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs. 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