{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:54:30Z","timestamp":1793123670773,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe ultrasonographic features of gastric mucosal abnormalities in dogs receiving chronic omeprazole therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records from a veterinary teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs evaluated between 2020 and 2026 with a history of chronic (\u2265 5 months) omeprazole administration that had undergone abdominal ultrasonography. Dogs were included if ultrasonography demonstrated gastric wall abnormalities consistent with a defined pattern. Nine dogs met the inclusion criteria. Dogs were medium to large breed and receiving omeprazole for management of portosystemic shunting, gastric ulceration, or chronic enteropathy. Ultrasonographic findings were descriptively reviewed, and available histopathology was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 9 dogs demonstrated gastric wall changes characterized by predominantly mucosal involvement. Abnormalities were localized to the gastric body and fundus in all dogs and were circumferential in 7 and focal in 2. The mucosa was hyperechoic and mildly heterogeneous with undulating margins and thickened rugal folds. Small intramucosal hypoechoic to anechoic round structures were identified in 4 dogs. Gastric wall layering was preserved in 8 dogs, with no regional lymphadenopathy or perigastric abnormalities. Differential diagnoses included severe gastritis, infiltrative gastric neoplasia, mural hemorrhage, and hypertrophic gastropathies. Histopathology, available in 4 dogs, supported a PPI-associated hypertrophic mucosal phenotype characterized by mucous neck cell hyperplasia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic omeprazole administration in dogs was associated with a consistent ultrasonographic pattern of mucosal-predominant gastric wall changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recognition of this pattern may help differentiate medication-associated changes from more aggressive disease processes and guide diagnostic decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.26.04.0297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T19:45:51Z","timestamp":1782503151000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ultrasonographic features of gastric mucosal hypertrophy in dogs receiving chronic omeprazole: a retrospective case series"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4539-4298","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Tollefson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Merkhassine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald E.","family":"Duhamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Translational Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"ref1","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial of the long-term effects of omeprazole on healthy dogs","volume":"14","author":"Gil-Vicente L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gil-Vicente L, Mart\u00edn G, Soler C, Vila A, Saiz MR, Navarro PF. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial of the long-term effects of omeprazole on healthy dogs. Animals (Basel). 2024;14(8):1168. doi:10.3390\/ani14081168"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","series-title":"Gut Liver","first-page":"646","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor-related gastric mucosal changes","volume":"15","author":"Kim GH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim GH. Proton pump inhibitor-related gastric mucosal changes. Gut Liver. 2021;15(5):646\u2013652. doi:10.5009\/gnl20036"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref3","series-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)","first-page":"2540","article-title":"Effects of medication period and gastrin levels on endoscopic gastric mucosal changes in long-term proton pump inhibitor users","volume":"14","author":"Suda H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suda H, Sakurai K, Eto S,  Effects of medication period and gastrin levels on endoscopic gastric mucosal changes in long-term proton pump inhibitor users. 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World J Gastroenterol. 2025;31(32):108401. doi:10.3748\/wjg.v31.i32.108401"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/10\/javma.26.04.0297.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/10\/javma.26.04.0297.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/10\/javma.26.04.0297.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:15:18Z","timestamp":1789733718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/10\/javma.26.04.0297.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.26.04.0297","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}}}