{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:05:42Z","timestamp":1785330342345,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe physical examination findings, diagnostic abnormalities, and owner-reported assessments of senior cats perceived as healthy by their owners, and to evaluate agreement between owner perceptions and objective findings to inform diagnostic prioritization within a spectrum-of-care framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Client-owned cats aged \u2265 12 years presenting to the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine were prospectively enrolled between 2022 and 2024. Cats were included if their owners reported good health; cats with stable, chronic conditions were also eligible. Owner questionnaires, examinations, and diagnostic testing were performed. Prevalence of abnormalities and agreement between owner perceptions and findings were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      129 cats were included in the study. All cats had abnormalities on physical examinations, most commonly dental (129 of 129 [100%]) and orthopedic disease (63 of 81 [77.8%]). Diagnostic testing revealed a high prevalence of previously unrecognized disease, including chronic kidney disease (49 of 80 [61.3%]), hypertension (54 of 56 [96.4%]), and hyperthyroidism (11 of 17 [64.7%]). Owner-reported mobility scores were not associated with orthopedic abnormalities. Although increased urination was associated with chronic kidney disease, 75.6% (34 of 45) of affected cats had no owner-reported change and only 1.3% (1 of 78) had reported increased thirst. Physical examination, urine specific gravity, renal parameters, total T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and blood pressure were most informative for disease detection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinically important abnormalities are common in apparently healthy senior cats. Reliance on owner-reported changes underestimated disease burden. Physical examination revealed most abnormalities, with urine specific gravity, renal values, total T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and blood pressure abnormalities being prevalent.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support routine screening and a prioritized diagnostic approach, particularly when constraints limit comprehensive evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.26.04.0326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:27:31Z","timestamp":1785328051000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinically important abnormalities are common in senior cats perceived to be healthy by owners"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Karina","family":"Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4788-9217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amy","family":"Nichelason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Hetzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian J.","family":"McLellan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaTasha K.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Starr","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"613","article-title":"2021 AAFP Feline Senior Care Guidelines","volume":"23","author":"Ray M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ray M, Carney HC, Boynton B,  2021 AAFP Feline Senior Care Guidelines. J Feline Med Surg. 2021;23(7):613-638. doi:10.1177\/1098612X211021538. Published correction appears in Feline Med Surg. 2021;23(10):NP4. doi:10.1177\/1098612X211040404"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"749","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction syndrome: a disease of canine and feline brain aging","volume":"42","author":"Landsberg GM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Landsberg GM, Nichol J, Araujo JA. Cognitive dysfunction syndrome: a disease of canine and feline brain aging. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2012;42(4):749-768. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2012.04.003"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"859041","article-title":"Aging in cats: owner observations and clinical finding in 206 mature cats at enrolment to the Cat Prospective Aging and Welfare Study","volume":"9","author":"Dowgray N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dowgray N, Pinchbeck G, Eyre K, Biourge V, Comerford E, German AJ. Aging in cats: owner observations and clinical finding in 206 mature cats at enrolment to the Cat Prospective Aging and Welfare Study. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:859041. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2022.859041"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"211","article-title":"2021 AAHA\/AAFP Feline Life Stage Guidelines","volume":"23","author":"Quimby J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quimby J, Gowland S, Carney HC, DePorter T, Plummer P, Westropp J. 2021 AAHA\/AAFP Feline Life Stage Guidelines. J Feline Med Surg. 2021;23(3):211-233. doi:10.1177\/1098612X21993657. Published correction appears in J Feline Med Surg. 2021;23(8):NP3. doi:10.1177\/1098612X211024041"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"8","article-title":"Routine health screening: findings in apparently healthy middle-aged and old cats","volume":"15","author":"Paepe D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paepe D, Verjans G, Duchateau L, Piron K, Ghys L, Daminet S. Routine health screening: findings in apparently healthy middle-aged and old cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2013;15(1):8-19. doi:10.1177\/1098612X12464628"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"1","article-title":"2023 AAHA Senior Care Guidelines for Dogs and Cats","volume":"59","author":"Dhaliwal R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dhaliwal R, Boynton E, Carrera-Justiz S,  2023 AAHA Senior Care Guidelines for Dogs and Cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2023;59(1):1-21. doi:10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-7343"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","series-title":"Animals","first-page":"483","article-title":"Familiarity and use of veterinary services by US resident dog and cat owners","volume":"10","author":"Bir C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bir C, Ortez M, Olynk Widmar NJ, Wolf CA, Hansen C, Ouedraogo FB. Familiarity and use of veterinary services by US resident dog and cat owners. Animals. 2020;10(3):483. doi:10.3390\/ani10030483"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"235","article-title":"Cost of care, access to care, and payment options in veterinary practice","volume":"54","author":"Benson J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benson J, Tincher EM. Cost of care, access to care, and payment options in veterinary practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2024;54(2):235-250. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2023.10.007"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"465","article-title":"Prevalence and classification of chronic kidney disease in cats randomly selected from four age groups and in cats recruited for degenerative joint disease studies","volume":"16","author":"Marino CL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marino CL, Lascelles BDX, Vaden SL, Gruen ME, Marks SL. Prevalence and classification of chronic kidney disease in cats randomly selected from four age groups and in cats recruited for degenerative joint disease studies. J Feline Med Surg. 2014;16(6):465-472. doi:10.1177\/1098612X13511446"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Enhancing Spectrum of Care Preparation in Veterinary Education Programs: Implementation Strategies Guide","first-page":"6","article-title":"Overview of the AAVMC Spectrum of Care Initiative","author":"Fedesco HN","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fedesco HN, Brodsky J E, Banse HE,  Overview of the AAVMC Spectrum of Care Initiative. In: Fedesco HN, Brodsky JE, AAVMC Spectrum of Care Initiative Task Force, eds. Enhancing Spectrum of Care Preparation in Veterinary Education Programs: Implementation Strategies Guide. American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges; 2025:6\u20138. doi:10.17605\/OSF.IO\/AHWQE"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref11","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"533","article-title":"Aging in cats: common physical and functional changes","volume":"18","author":"Bellows J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bellows J, Center S, Daristotle L,  Aging in cats: common physical and functional changes. J Feline Med Surg. 2016;18(7):533-550. doi:10.1177\/1098612X16649523"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"e3","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in cats: update on neuropathological and behavioural changes plus clinical management","volume":"188","author":"Sordo L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sordo L, Gunn-Moore DA. Cognitive dysfunction in cats: update on neuropathological and behavioural changes plus clinical management. Vet Rec. 2021;188(1):e3. doi:10.1002\/vetr.3"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Vet Behav","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development of an assessment tool for behavioral and cognitive changes in aging cats","volume":"83","author":"Weng HY","year":"2026","unstructured":"Weng HY, Ogata N. Development of an assessment tool for behavioral and cognitive changes in aging cats. J Vet Behav. 2026;83:1-7. doi:10.1016\/j.jveb.2025.11.003"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"628","article-title":"Radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease in geriatric cats: 100 cases (1994-1997)","volume":"220","author":"Hardie EM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hardie EM, Roe SC, Martin FR. Radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease in geriatric cats: 100 cases (1994-1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;220(5):628-632. doi:10.2460\/javma.2002.220.628"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"743","article-title":"Senior and geriatric care programs for veterinarians","volume":"35","author":"Metzger FL","year":"2005","unstructured":"Metzger FL. Senior and geriatric care programs for veterinarians. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2005;35(3):743-753. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2004.12.005"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"2089","article-title":"Value of repeated health screening in 259 apparently healthy mature adult and senior cats followed for 2 years","volume":"38","author":"Mortier F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mortier F, Daminet S, Marynissen S, Smets P, Paepe D. Value of repeated health screening in 259 apparently healthy mature adult and senior cats followed for 2 years. J Vet Intern Med. 2024;38(4):2089-2098. doi:10.1111\/jvim.17138"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref17","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"1098612X231207492","article-title":"Determination of age-specific reference intervals for selected serum and urinary biomarkers in elderly cats","volume":"25","author":"Mortier F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mortier F, van Leeuwenberg R, Daminet S, Paepe D. Determination of age-specific reference intervals for selected serum and urinary biomarkers in elderly cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2023;25(11):1098612X231207492. doi:10.1177\/1098612X231207492"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"142","article-title":"Refinement of the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI) and development of the short-form FMPI","volume":"24","author":"Enomoto M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Enomoto M, Lascelles BDX, Robertson JB, Gruen ME. Refinement of the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI) and development of the short-form FMPI. J Feline Med Surg. 2022;24(2):142-151. doi:10.1177\/1098612X211011984"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice","first-page":"386","article-title":"Monitoring fluid therapy and complications of fluid therapy","author":"Mathews KA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mathews KA. Monitoring fluid therapy and complications of fluid therapy. In: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice. 4th ed. Elsevier Saunders; 2012:386\u2013404."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref20","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"1098612X251334279","article-title":"Voluntary acceptance of nutrient-enriched water supplement and promotion of water intake in clinically dehydrated cats","volume":"27","author":"Peralta M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peralta M, Nichelason A, Trepanier L. Voluntary acceptance of nutrient-enriched water supplement and promotion of water intake in clinically dehydrated cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2025;27(5):1098612X251334279. doi:10.1177\/1098612X251334279"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"602","article-title":"Risk factors for development of chronic kidney disease in cats","volume":"30","author":"Finch NC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Finch NC, Syme HM, Elliott J. Risk factors for development of chronic kidney disease in cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2016;30(2):602-610. doi:10.1111\/jvim.13917"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"369","article-title":"Dental pain in cats: a prospective 6-month study","volume":"39","author":"Palmeira I","year":"2022","unstructured":"Palmeira I, Fonseca MJ, Lafont-Lecuelle C,  Dental pain in cats: a prospective 6-month study. J Vet Dent. 2022;39(4):369-375. doi:10.1177\/08987564221103142"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref23","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1803","article-title":"ACVIM consensus statement: guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats","volume":"32","author":"Acierno MJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Acierno MJ, Brown S, Coleman AE,  ACVIM consensus statement: guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2018;32(6):1803-1822. doi:10.1111\/jvim.15331"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"219","article-title":"ISFM consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of feline chronic kidney disease","volume":"18","author":"Sparkes AH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sparkes AH, Caney S, Chalhoub S,  ISFM consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of feline chronic kidney disease. J Feline Med Surg. 2016;18(3):219-239. doi:10.1177\/1098612X16631234"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref25","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"765","article-title":"More than just T4: diagnostic testing for hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"15","author":"Peterson ME","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peterson ME. More than just T4: diagnostic testing for hyperthyroidism in cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2013;15(9):765-777. doi:10.1177\/1098612X13500426"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Front Aging","first-page":"684607","article-title":"Neuropathology of aging in cats and its similarities to human Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Sordo L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sordo L, Martini AC, Houston EF, Head E, Gunn-Moore D. Neuropathology of aging in cats and its similarities to human Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Aging. 2021;2:684607. doi:10.3389\/fragi.2021.684607"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref27","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"641","article-title":"Feline comorbidities: balancing hyperthyroidism and concurrent chronic kidney disease","volume":"24","author":"Geddes R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Geddes R, Aguiar J. Feline comorbidities: balancing hyperthyroidism and concurrent chronic kidney disease. J Feline Med Surg. 2022;24(7):641-650. doi:10.1177\/1098612X221090390"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref28","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"579","article-title":"AAFP and ISFM guidelines for diagnosing and solving house-soiling behavior in cats","volume":"16","author":"Carney HC","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carney HC, Sadek TP, Curtis TM,  AAFP and ISFM guidelines for diagnosing and solving house-soiling behavior in cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2014;16(7):579-598. doi:10.1177\/1098612X14539092. Published correction appears in J Feline Med Surg. 2018;20(6):NP2. doi:10.1177\/1098612X18765338"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"286","article-title":"Prevalence of disorders recorded in cats attending primary-care veterinary practices in England","volume":"202","author":"O\u2019Neill DG","year":"2014","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill DG, Church DB, McGreevy PD, Thomson PC, Brodbelt DC. Prevalence of disorders recorded in cats attending primary-care veterinary practices in England. Vet J. 2014;202(2):286-291. doi:10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.08.004"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref30","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"147","article-title":"Periodontal health status in a colony of 109 cats","volume":"26","author":"Girard N","year":"2009","unstructured":"Girard N, Servet E, Biourge V, Hennet P. Periodontal health status in a colony of 109 cats. J Vet Dent. 2009;26(3):147-155. doi:10.1177\/089875640902600301"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref31","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"1098612X251398793","article-title":"2025 FelineVMA feline oral health and dental care guidelines","volume":"27","author":"Lobprise H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lobprise H, St Denis K, Anderson JG, Hoyer N, Fiani N, Yaroslav J. 2025 FelineVMA feline oral health and dental care guidelines. J Feline Med Surg. 2025;27(11):1098612X251398793. doi:10.1177\/1098612X251398793"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref32","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1661","article-title":"Evaluation of weight loss over time in cats with chronic kidney disease","volume":"30","author":"Freeman LM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Freeman LM, Lachaud MP, Matthews S, Rhodes L, Zollers B. Evaluation of weight loss over time in cats with chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med. 2016;30(5):1661-1666. doi:10.1111\/jvim.14561"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","series-title":"JCSM Rapid Commun","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cachexia and sarcopenia in companion animals: an under-utilized natural animal model of human disease","volume":"1","author":"Freeman LM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freeman LM. Cachexia and sarcopenia in companion animals: an under-utilized natural animal model of human disease. JCSM Rapid Commun. 2018;1(2):1-17. doi:10.1002\/j.2617-1619.2018.tb00006.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref34","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"235","article-title":"Relationship between hydration estimate and body weight change after fluid therapy in critically ill dogs and cats","volume":"12","author":"Hansen B","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hansen B, DeFrancesco T. Relationship between hydration estimate and body weight change after fluid therapy in critically ill dogs and cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2002;12(4):235-243. doi:10.1046\/j.1435-6935.2002.t01-1-00050.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref35","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"431","article-title":"Effect of water source on intake and urine concentration in healthy cats","volume":"12","author":"Grant DC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grant DC. Effect of water source on intake and urine concentration in healthy cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2010;12(6):431-434. doi:10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.10.008"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref36","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"733","article-title":"Effects of a nutrient-enriched water on water intake and indices of hydration in healthy domestic cats fed a dry kibble diet","volume":"79","author":"Zanghi BM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zanghi BM, Gerheart L, Gardner CL. Effects of a nutrient-enriched water on water intake and indices of hydration in healthy domestic cats fed a dry kibble diet. Am J Vet Res. 2018;79(7):733-744. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.79.7.733"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref37","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"655","article-title":"Orthopedic problems in geriatric dogs and cats","volume":"35","author":"Beale BS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beale BS. Orthopedic problems in geriatric dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2005;35(3):655-674. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2005.01.001"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref38","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"535","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of radiographic degenerative joint disease in domesticated cats","volume":"39","author":"Lascelles BDX","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lascelles BDX, Henry JB 3rd, Brown J,  Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of radiographic degenerative joint disease in domesticated cats. Vet Surg. 2010;39(5):535-544. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00708.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref39","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Urinary tract infection and subclinical bacteriuria in cats: a clinical update","volume":"21","author":"Dorsch R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dorsch R, Teichmann-Knorrn S, Sjetne Lund H. Urinary tract infection and subclinical bacteriuria in cats: a clinical update. J Feline Med Surg. 2019;21(11):1023-1038. doi:10.1177\/1098612X19880435"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref40","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1251","article-title":"Effect on renal function of restoration of euthyroidism in hyperthyroid cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism","volume":"28","author":"Williams TL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Williams TL, Elliott J, Syme HM. Effect on renal function of restoration of euthyroidism in hyperthyroid cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism. J Vet Intern Med. 2014;28(4):1251-1255. doi:10.1111\/jvim.12359"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref41","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"35","article-title":"Feline systemic hypertension: diagnosis and management","volume":"13","author":"Stepien RL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stepien RL. Feline systemic hypertension: diagnosis and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2011;13(1):35-43. doi:10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.11.008"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref42","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"812","article-title":"Feline comorbidities: the intermingled relationship between chronic kidney disease and hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Lawson JS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lawson JS, Jepson RE. Feline comorbidities: the intermingled relationship between chronic kidney disease and hypertension. J Feline Med Surg. 2021;23(9):812-822. doi:10.1177\/1098612X211037872"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref43","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"695","article-title":"Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in cats: 69 cases (1985-1998)","volume":"217","author":"Maggio F","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maggio F, DeFrancesco TC, Atkins CE, Pizzirani S, Gilger BC, Davidson MG. Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in cats: 69 cases (1985-1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000;217(5):695-702. doi:10.2460\/javma.2000.217.695"},{"key":"ref44","series-title":"Clinical Medicine of the Dog and Cat","article-title":"Medical history and client communication","author":"Johnson SW","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johnson SW. Medical history and client communication. In: Gaschen F, Schaer M, eds. Clinical Medicine of the Dog and Cat. 3rd ed. CRC Press; 2016."},{"issue":"25","key":"ref45","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"793","article-title":"Prevalence of radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease in a hospital population of cats","volume":"157","author":"Clarke SP","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clarke SP, Mellor D, Clements DN,  Prevalence of radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease in a hospital population of cats. Vet Rec. 2005;157(25):793-799. doi:10.1136\/vr.157.25.793"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.26.04.0326\/javma.26.04.0326.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.26.04.0326\/javma.26.04.0326.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:27:31Z","timestamp":1785328051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.26.04.0326\/javma.26.04.0326.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":45,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.26.04.0326","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]}}}