{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:07:16Z","timestamp":1788880036645,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Veterinary medicine serves as an important translational bridge between preclinical studies and human medicine, offering a valuable model for investigating naturally occurring diseases and generating data unattainable from purely experimental animal models. This is particularly relevant for evaluating novel cancer treatment approaches. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) and gene electrotransfer represent 2 such approaches in both human and veterinary clinical oncology. Current evidence indicates that ECT achieves excellent local ablative control of treated tumors; however, its principal limitation is that ECT does not reliably control untreated or metastatic disease. One strategy to overcome this limitation is combining ECT with the systemic immunomodulatory action of IL-12 gene electrotransfer as both modalities rely on the same platform technology, electroporation. In veterinary medicine, this combined approach has been successfully applied across various tumor types in dogs, demonstrating excellent local antitumor control alongside indications of systemic effects. These have been clinically associated with prolonged survival, regression of distant untreated tumors and lymph node metastases, and reduced invasive tumor growth. Immunological studies are also consistent with systemic immune activation, with flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood demonstrating transient increases in circulating CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells following each therapeutic session. Further studies are needed to find the suitable biomarkers for selecting the appropriate patients for the selected treatments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.26.06.0510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:20:09Z","timestamp":1788877209000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrochemotherapy with interleukin-12 gene electrotransfer can turn local tumor ablation into a systemic antitumor response in veterinary patients"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-1928","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maja","family":"\u010cema\u017ear","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2905-4574","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ur\u0161a","family":"Lampreht Tratar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia"},{"name":"Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Milevoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7641-5670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gregor","family":"Ser\u0161a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9831-992X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nata\u0161a","family":"Tozon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"B1","series-title":"Cancer Invest","first-page":"781","article-title":"Spontaneously occurring tumors of companion animals as models for human cancer","volume":"18","author":"Vail DM","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vail DM, MacEwen EG. Spontaneously occurring tumors of companion animals as models for human cancer. Cancer Invest. 2000;18(8):781\u2013792. doi:10.3109\/07357900009012210"},{"issue":"1","key":"B2","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","first-page":"463","article-title":"vetInspECT: a platform for the multicentric evaluation of treatment response after electrochemotherapy in veterinary oncology - feline tumors","volume":"22","author":"Tozon Mask N","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tozon Mask N, Lampreht Tratar U, Milevoj N, et al. vetInspECT: a platform for the multicentric evaluation of treatment response after electrochemotherapy in veterinary oncology - feline tumors. BMC Vet Res. 2026;22(1):463. doi:10.1186\/s12917-026-05605-6"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Int Immunopharmacol","first-page":"110274","article-title":"Treatment of spontaneous canine mast cell tumors by electrochemotherapy combined with IL-12 gene electrotransfer: comparison of intratumoral and peritumoral application of IL-12","author":"Lampreht Tratar U","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lampreht Tratar U, Milevoj N, Cemazar M, et al. Treatment of spontaneous canine mast cell tumors by electrochemotherapy combined with IL-12 gene electrotransfer: comparison of intratumoral and peritumoral application of IL-12. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;120:110274. doi:10.1016\/J.INTIMP.2023.110274"},{"issue":"7","key":"B4","series-title":"Acta Oncol","first-page":"874","article-title":"Updated standard operating procedures for electrochemotherapy of cutaneous tumours and skin metastases","volume":"57","author":"Gehl J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gehl J, Sersa G, Matthiessen LW, et al. Updated standard operating procedures for electrochemotherapy of cutaneous tumours and skin metastases. Acta Oncol. 2018;57(7):874\u2013882. doi:10.1080\/0284186X.2018.1454602"},{"key":"B5","series-title":"J Control Release","first-page":"623","article-title":"Potentiation of electrochemotherapy effectiveness by immunostimulation with IL-12 gene electrotransfer in mice is dependent on tumor immune status","author":"Ursic K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ursic K, Kos S, Kamensek U, et al. Potentiation of electrochemotherapy effectiveness by immunostimulation with IL-12 gene electrotransfer in mice is dependent on tumor immune status. J Control Release. 2021;332:623\u2013635. doi:10.1016\/J.JCONREL.2021.03.009"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"30","article-title":"Electrochemotherapy in the treatment of cutaneous malignancy: outcomes and subgroup analysis from the cumulative results from the pan-European International Network for Sharing Practice in Electrochemotherapy database for 2482 lesions in 987 patients (2008-2019)","author":"Clover AJP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clover AJP, de Terlizzi F, Bertino G, et al. Electrochemotherapy in the treatment of cutaneous malignancy: outcomes and subgroup analysis from the cumulative results from the pan-European International Network for Sharing Practice in Electrochemotherapy database for 2482 lesions in 987 patients (2008-2019). Eur J Cancer. 2020;138:30\u201340. doi:10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.06.020"},{"issue":"10","key":"B7","series-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother","first-page":"1315","article-title":"Electrochemotherapy of tumors as in situ vaccination boosted by immunogene electrotransfer","volume":"64","author":"Sersa G","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sersa G, Teissie J, Cemazar M, et al. Electrochemotherapy of tumors as in situ vaccination boosted by immunogene electrotransfer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2015;64(10):1315\u20131327. doi:10.1007\/s00262-015-1724-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"B8","series-title":"Acta Oncol","first-page":"311","article-title":"Calcium electroporation for treatment of cutaneous metastases; a randomized double-blinded phase II study, comparing the effect of calcium electroporation with electrochemotherapy","volume":"57","author":"Falk H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Falk H, Matthiessen LW, Wooler G, Gehl J. Calcium electroporation for treatment of cutaneous metastases; a randomized double-blinded phase II study, comparing the effect of calcium electroporation with electrochemotherapy. Acta Oncol. 2018;57(3):311\u2013319. doi:10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1355109"},{"issue":"3","key":"B9","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"775","article-title":"The treatment of canine mast cell tumours with electrochemotherapy with or without surgical excision","volume":"15","author":"Lowe R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lowe R, Gavazza A, Impellizeri JA, Soden DM, Lubas G. The treatment of canine mast cell tumours with electrochemotherapy with or without surgical excision. Vet Comp Oncol. 2016;15(3):775\u2013784. doi:10.1111\/vco.12217"},{"issue":"3","key":"B10","series-title":"Open Vet J","first-page":"267","article-title":"Combination of bleomycin and cisplatin as adjuvant electrochemotherapy protocol for the treatment of incompletely excised feline injection-site sarcomas: a retrospective study","volume":"10","author":"Spugnini EP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spugnini EP, Vincenzi B, Carocci F, Bonichi C, Menicagli F, Baldi A. Combination of bleomycin and cisplatin as adjuvant electrochemotherapy protocol for the treatment of incompletely excised feline injection-site sarcomas: a retrospective study. Open Vet J. 2020;10(3):267\u2013271. doi:10.4314\/OVJ.V10I3.4"},{"issue":"2","key":"B11","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"641","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of electrochemotherapy combined with peritumoral IL-12 gene electrotransfer of canine mast cell tumours","volume":"15","author":"Cemazar M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cemazar M, Ambrozic Avgustin J, Pavlin D, et al. Efficacy and safety of electrochemotherapy combined with peritumoral IL-12 gene electrotransfer of canine mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol. 2017;15(2):641\u2013654. doi:10.1111\/VCO.12208"},{"issue":"16","key":"B12","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"4677","article-title":"Interleukin-12: biological properties and clinical application","volume":"13","author":"Del Vecchio M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Del Vecchio M, Bajetta E, Canova S, et al. Interleukin-12: biological properties and clinical application. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(16):4677\u20134685. doi:10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0776"},{"issue":"5","key":"B13","series-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother","first-page":"419","article-title":"Interleukin 12: still a promising candidate for tumor immunotherapy?","volume":"63","author":"Lasek W","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lasek W, Zago\u017cd\u017con R, Jakobisiak M. Interleukin 12: still a promising candidate for tumor immunotherapy? Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2014;63(5):419\u2013435. doi:10.1007\/s00262-014-1523-1"},{"issue":"8","key":"B14","series-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst","first-page":"581","article-title":"Inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo by interleukin 12","volume":"87","author":"Voest EE","year":"1995","unstructured":"Voest EE, Kenyon BM, O\u2019Reilly MS, Truitt G, D\u2019Amato RJ, Folkman J. Inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo by interleukin 12. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87(8):581\u2013586. doi:10.1093\/jnci\/87.8.581"},{"issue":"3","key":"B15","series-title":"Mol Cancer Ther","first-page":"406","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of an anchored immunotherapy strategy with aluminum hydroxide-tethered IL-12 in dogs with advanced malignant melanoma","volume":"24","author":"Barbosa MMP","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barbosa MMP, Kamerer RL, Schmit J, et al. Preclinical evaluation of an anchored immunotherapy strategy with aluminum hydroxide-tethered IL-12 in dogs with advanced malignant melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2025;24(3):406\u2013418. doi:10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-24-0317"},{"issue":"11","key":"B16","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"2110","article-title":"Collagen-anchored interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 safely reprogram the tumor microenvironment in canine soft-tissue sarcomas","volume":"29","author":"Stinson JA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stinson JA, Sheen A, Momin N, et al. Collagen-anchored interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 safely reprogram the tumor microenvironment in canine soft-tissue sarcomas. Clin Cancer Res. 2023;29(11):2110\u20132122. doi:10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-0006"},{"issue":"18","key":"B17","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"4029","article-title":"Tumor-localized interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 combine with radiation therapy to safely potentiate regression of advanced malignant melanoma in pet dogs","volume":"30","author":"Stinson JA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stinson JA, Barbosa MMP, Sheen A, et al. Tumor-localized interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 combine with radiation therapy to safely potentiate regression of advanced malignant melanoma in pet dogs. Clin Cancer Res. 2024;30(18):4029\u20134043. doi:10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-0861"},{"issue":"2","key":"B18","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"1","article-title":"Safety and interim survival data after intracranial administration of M032, a genetically engineered oncolytic HSV-1 expressing IL-12, in pet dogs with sporadic gliomas","volume":"50","author":"Omar NB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Omar NB, Bentley RT, Crossman DK, et al. Safety and interim survival data after intracranial administration of M032, a genetically engineered oncolytic HSV-1 expressing IL-12, in pet dogs with sporadic gliomas. Neurosurg Focus. 2021;50(2):1\u201311. doi:10.3171\/2020.11.FOCUS20844"},{"key":"B19","year":"2026","unstructured":"Study of pembrolizumab and M032 (NSC 733972). Clinical Trials. Updated January 22, 2026. Accessed June 19, 2026. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05084430"},{"key":"B20","first-page":"313","article-title":"Constructing clinically applicable plasmids for cancer gene therapy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamensek U, Tesic N, Sersa G, Cemazar M. Constructing clinically applicable plasmids for cancer gene therapy. Abstract in: IFMBE Proceedings. International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering; 2016:313\u2013316. doi:10.1007\/978-981-287-817-5_69"},{"key":"B21","series-title":"Targets in Gene Therapy","first-page":"299","article-title":"Intramuscular IL-12 electrogene therapy for treatment of spontaneous canine tumors","author":"Cemazar M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cemazar M, Sersa G, Pavlin D, Cemazar M. Intramuscular IL-12 electrogene therapy for treatment of spontaneous canine tumors. In: You Y, ed. Targets in Gene Therapy. IntechOpen; 2011:299\u2013320. doi:10.5772\/20734"},{"issue":"22","key":"B22","series-title":"Cancer Biol Ther","first-page":"2114","article-title":"Local and systemic antitumor effect of intratumoral and peritumoral IL-12 electrogene therapy on murine sarcoma","volume":"8","author":"Pavlin D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pavlin D, Cemazar M, Kamensek U, Tozon N, Pogacnik A, Sersa G. Local and systemic antitumor effect of intratumoral and peritumoral IL-12 electrogene therapy on murine sarcoma. Cancer Biol Ther. 2009;8(22):2114\u20132122. doi:10.4161\/cbt.8.22.9734"},{"issue":"4","key":"B23","series-title":"Radiol Oncol","first-page":"302","article-title":"Potentiation of electrochemotherapy by intramuscular IL-12 gene electrotransfer in murine sarcoma and carcinoma with different immunogenicity","volume":"46","author":"Sedlar A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sedlar A, Dolinsek T, Markelc B, et al. Potentiation of electrochemotherapy by intramuscular IL-12 gene electrotransfer in murine sarcoma and carcinoma with different immunogenicity. Radiol Oncol. 2012;46(4):302\u2013311. doi:10.2478\/v10019-012-0044-9"},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","first-page":"40","article-title":"A combination of electrochemotherapy, gene electrotransfer of plasmid encoding canine IL-12 and cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of canine oral malignant melanoma","author":"Milevoj N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Milevoj N, Tratar Lampreht U, Nemec A, et al. A combination of electrochemotherapy, gene electrotransfer of plasmid encoding canine IL-12 and cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of canine oral malignant melanoma. Res Vet Sci. 2019;122:40\u201349. doi:10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.11.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"B25","series-title":"J Cell Mol Med","first-page":"664","article-title":"Safe and effective treatment of spontaneous neoplasms with interleukin 12 electro-chemo-gene therapy","volume":"19","author":"Cutrera J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cutrera J, King G, Jones P, et al. Safe and effective treatment of spontaneous neoplasms with interleukin 12 electro-chemo-gene therapy. J Cell Mol Med. 2015;19(3):664\u2013675. doi:10.1111\/jcmm.12382"},{"issue":"1","key":"B26","series-title":"Radiol Oncol","first-page":"31","article-title":"Electrogene therapy with interleukin-12 in canine mast cell tumors","volume":"45","author":"Pavlin D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pavlin D, Cemazar M, C\u00f6r A, Sersa G, Pogacnik A, Tozon N. Electrogene therapy with interleukin-12 in canine mast cell tumors. Radiol Oncol. 2011;45(1):31\u201339. doi:10.2478\/v10019-010-0041-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"B27","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Intratumoural interleukin 12 gene therapy stimulates the immune system and decreases angiogenesis in dogs with spontaneous cancer","volume":"15","author":"Cicchelero L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cicchelero L, Denies S, Haers H, et al. Intratumoural interleukin 12 gene therapy stimulates the immune system and decreases angiogenesis in dogs with spontaneous cancer. Vet Comp Oncol. 2017;15(4):1187\u20131205. doi:10.1111\/vco.12255"},{"issue":"36","key":"B28","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"5896","article-title":"Phase I trial of interleukin-12 plasmid electroporation in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"26","author":"Daud AI","year":"2008","unstructured":"Daud AI, DeConti RC, Andrews S, et al. Phase I trial of interleukin-12 plasmid electroporation in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(36):5896\u20135903. doi:10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.6794"},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Methods Mol Biol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-194-9_24","article-title":"Intratumoral bleomycin and IL-12 electrochemogenetherapy for treating head and neck tumors in dogs","author":"Cutrera J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cutrera J, Torrero M, Shiomitsu K, Mauldin N, Li S. Intratumoral bleomycin and IL-12 electrochemogenetherapy for treating head and neck tumors in dogs. Methods Mol Biol. 2008;423:319\u2013325. doi:10.1007\/978-1-59745-194-9_24"},{"issue":"7","key":"B30","series-title":"Cancer Gene Ther","first-page":"457","article-title":"Bleomycin\/interleukin-12 electrochemogene therapy for treating naturally occurring spontaneous neoplasms in dogs","volume":"17","author":"Reed SD","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reed SD, Fulmer A, Buckholz J, et al. Bleomycin\/interleukin-12 electrochemogene therapy for treating naturally occurring spontaneous neoplasms in dogs. Cancer Gene Ther. 2010;17(7):457\u2013464. doi:10.1038\/cgt.2010.6"},{"issue":"3","key":"B31","series-title":"Radiol Oncol","first-page":"286","article-title":"Effects of electrochemotherapy with cisplatin and peritumoral IL-12 gene electrotransfer on canine mast cell tumors: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical study","volume":"51","author":"Salvadori C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salvadori C, Svara T, Rocchigiani G, et al. Effects of electrochemotherapy with cisplatin and peritumoral IL-12 gene electrotransfer on canine mast cell tumors: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Radiol Oncol. 2017;51(3):286\u2013294. doi:10.1515\/raon-2017-0035"},{"issue":"3","key":"B32","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"491","article-title":"Intratumoral T-lymphocyte subsets in canine oral melanoma and their association with clinical and histopathological parameters","volume":"58","author":"Yasumaru CC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yasumaru CC, Xavier JG, Strefezzi RF, Salles-Gomes COM. Intratumoral T-lymphocyte subsets in canine oral melanoma and their association with clinical and histopathological parameters. Vet Pathol. 2021;58(3):491\u2013502. doi:10.1177\/0300985821999321"},{"issue":"3","key":"B33","series-title":"Animals","first-page":"438","article-title":"Comparison of nucleosome, ferritin and LDH levels in blood with clinical response before and after electrochemotherapy combined with IL-12 gene electrotransfer for the treatment of mast cell tumours in dogs","volume":"14","author":"Vilfan M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vilfan M, Lampreht Tratar U, Milevoj N, et al. Comparison of nucleosome, ferritin and LDH levels in blood with clinical response before and after electrochemotherapy combined with IL-12 gene electrotransfer for the treatment of mast cell tumours in dogs. Animals. 2024;14(3):438. doi:10.3390\/ANI14030438"},{"issue":"1","key":"B34","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"13446","article-title":"Tumor perfusion evaluation using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound after electrochemotherapy and IL-12 plasmid electrotransfer in murine melanoma","volume":"11","author":"Brloznik M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brloznik M, Boc N, Cemazar M, et al. Tumor perfusion evaluation using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound after electrochemotherapy and IL-12 plasmid electrotransfer in murine melanoma. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):13446. doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92820-w"},{"issue":"1","key":"B35","series-title":"Curr Oncol","first-page":"e27","article-title":"Safe handling of cytotoxics: guideline recommendations","volume":"22","author":"Easty AC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Easty AC, Coakley N, Cheng R, et al. Safe handling of cytotoxics: guideline recommendations. Curr Oncol. 2015;22(1):e27\u2013e37. doi:10.3747\/CO.21.2151"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"B36","series-title":"Cancer Gene Ther","first-page":"260","article-title":"Antitumor effect of antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmids encoding interleukin-12 in canine melanoma model","volume":"25","author":"Tratar UL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tratar UL, Kos S, Kamensek U, et al. Antitumor effect of antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmids encoding interleukin-12 in canine melanoma model. Cancer Gene Ther. 2018;25(9\u201310):260\u2013273. doi:10.1038\/s41417-018-0014-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"B37","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"3151","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of IL-12 plasmid DNA transfection into pig skin: supportive data for human clinical trials on gene therapy and vaccination","volume":"25","author":"Lampreht Tratar U","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lampreht Tratar U, Jesenko T, Omerzel M, et al. Safety and efficacy of IL-12 plasmid DNA transfection into pig skin: supportive data for human clinical trials on gene therapy and vaccination. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(6):3151. doi:10.3390\/ijms25063151"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.26.06.0510\/javma.26.06.0510.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.26.06.0510\/javma.26.06.0510.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:20:14Z","timestamp":1788877214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.26.06.0510\/javma.26.06.0510.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.26.06.0510","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]}}}