{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:45:58Z","timestamp":1790289958292,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate factors associated with survival in dogs with nasal carcinomas that did not receive treatment or received only palliative treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective case series.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014139 dogs with histologically confirmed nasal carcinomas.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Medical records, computed tomography images, and biopsy specimens of nasal carcinomas were reviewed. Only dogs that were not treated with radiation, surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy and that survived \u2265 7 days from the date of diagnosis were included. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival time. Factors potentially associated with survival were compared by use of log-rank and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Multivariable survival analysis was performed by use of the Cox proportional hazards regression model.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Overall median survival time was 95 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 73 to 113 days; range, 7 to 1,114 days). In dogs with epistaxis, the hazard of dying was 2.3 times that of dogs that did not have epistaxis. Median survival time of 107 dogs with epistaxis was 88 days (95% CI, 65 to 106 days) and that of 32 dogs without epistaxis was 224 days (95% CI, 54 to 467 days).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014The prognosis of dogs with untreated nasal carcinomas is poor. Treatment strategies to improve outcome should be pursued.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.3.401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,2]],"date-time":"2006-08-02T14:23:09Z","timestamp":1154528589000},"page":"401-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Evaluation of factors associated with survival in dogs with untreated nasal carcinomas: 139 cases (1993\u20132003)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"Rassnick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie E.","family":"Goldkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hollis N.","family":"Erb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter V.","family":"Scrivani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley L.","family":"Njaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Gieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Turek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"McNiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Proulx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruthanne","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenna E.","family":"Mauldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda S.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orna","family":"Kristal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"115","article-title":"Canine nasal and paranasal sinus tumors","volume":"19","author":"Legendre","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"103","article-title":"Canine sinonasal neoplasms: clinicopathological study of 285 cases","volume":"25","author":"Patnaik","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"459","article-title":"Intranasal tumors in the dog: an evaluation of prognosis","volume":"14","author":"Bradley","year":"1973"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"851","article-title":"Neoplasms of the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses in domesticated animals as reported by 13 veterinary colleges","volume":"37","author":"Madewell","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst","first-page":"295","article-title":"Survey of animal neoplasms in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California. 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