{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:19:00Z","timestamp":1789658340902,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) is a measure of depressive rumination which has two subscales: Brooding and Reflection. This article examines the longitudinal predictions for depression and the test-retest reliability of the Brooding and Reflection of the Japanese RRS. Japanese university students ( N = 378) completed the RRS, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Inventory to Diagnose Depression, Lifetime Version (IDDL) which was modified to assess symptoms experienced in the 8-wk. follow-up period. The standardized betas of the initial Brooding and Reflection subscales for the IDDL scores were significant and positive after controlling for baseline CES-D scores, but those for the CES-D scores at Time 2 were not significant. Longitudinal predictions of Brooding were partially consistent with those of other language versions (significant in almost all studies); however, longitudinal predictions of Reflection were not consistent with those of other language versions (negative in previous studies). The test-retest correlations of both subscales were similar to those obtained in Western countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2466\/02.15.pr0.113x24z5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,12]],"date-time":"2013-12-12T12:36:38Z","timestamp":1386851798000},"page":"566-585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Longitudinal Predictions of the Brooding and Reflection Subscales of the Japanese Ruminative Responses Scale for Depression"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Akira","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Relations, Tokai Gakuin University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munenaga","family":"Koda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Nagoya University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02.15.PR0.113x24z5","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr2-02.15.PR0.113x24z5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-011-9389-4"},{"key":"bibr3-02.15.PR0.113x24z5","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II","author":"Beck A. 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