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The CI method generated accurate DIF parameter estimates, whereas the EMD and AOI methods produced biased estimates. Moreover, as the percentage of DIF items in a test increased, the superiority of the CI method over the EMD and AOI methods became more apparent. The superiority of the CI method is independent of the sample size, test length, and item type (dichotomous or polytomous). Two empirical examples, a mathematics test and a hostility questionnaire, demonstrated that these three methods yielded inconsistent DIF detections and produced different ability estimate rankings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2466\/03.pr0.114k11w0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T17:24:35Z","timestamp":1391275475000},"page":"104-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of the Common Scale Setting in the Assessment of Differential Item Functioning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Hung-Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03.PR0.114k11w0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146621697211001"},{"key":"bibr2-03.PR0.114k11w0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02293814"},{"key":"bibr3-03.PR0.114k11w0","first-page":"397","volume-title":"Statistical theories of mental test scores.","author":"Birnbaum A.","year":"1968"},{"key":"bibr4-03.PR0.114k11w0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02293801"},{"key":"bibr5-03.PR0.114k11w0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662168200600405"},{"key":"bibr6-03.PR0.114k11w0","volume-title":"Item response theory for psychologists.","author":"Embretson S. 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