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Eight subjects had normal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) responses as determined by caloric and rotational testing. They were assigned to a vestibular program (Control Group I). The 22 subjects with abnormal VOR test responses were randomly assigned to either aerobic exercises (Experimental Group II) or a vestibular program (Experimental Group III). Spatial perceptual test scores varied widely, with the majority performing below age-expected norms but no significant differences on vestibular status appeared. Postexercise, only subjects completing the vestibular program made significant gains: Experimental Group III (abnormal VOR) made significant gains in accuracy and normal test responses compared to the other groups, and Control Group I made significantly greater gains in speed of spatial perceptual processing. For boys with problems in learning, reading, inattention, and vestibular function, a vestibular exercise program complementing a traditional or special educational program may enhance the spatial perceptual skills needed for reading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1989.68.3.727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T20:22:01Z","timestamp":1314822121000},"page":"727-738","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Interaction of Spatial Perception, Vestibular Function, and Exercise in Young School Age Boys with Learning Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Nancy N.","family":"Byl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick M.","family":"Byl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph H.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-pms.1989.68.3.727","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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