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The average improvement in volitional range of motion for the group's paralyzed limbs was 90% for the upper extremities and 69% for the lower extremities. For partially paralyzed limbs, there was an average increase in range of movement of 68% for the upper extremities and 26% for the lower extremities. These findings support the relearning-based, PFES open-loop theory which uses individualized therapeutic PFES-derived from EMG coordination patterns modeled from specific, ballistic limb movements to rehabilitate patients who have been immobilized after stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1990.71.3.775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T19:30:19Z","timestamp":1314819019000},"page":"851-861","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Restoration of Volitional Limb Movement of Hemiplegics following Patterned Functional Electrical Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Leon E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Thomas University, Miami"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-pms.1990.71.3.775","volume-title":"Research facts","author":"American Heart Association.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr2-pms.1990.71.3.775","first-page":"413","volume":"62","author":"Bach-y-Rita P.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"bibr3-pms.1990.71.3.775","volume-title":"Functional electrical stimulation\u2014a practical clinical guide","author":"Benton L. 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