{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:03:00Z","timestamp":1777885380220,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,1]],"date-time":"1996-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":838857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Percept Mot Skills"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the relation of the WISC\u2013R Verbal IQ with measures of oral and written language among 190 students referred to a private educational clinic over a 5-yr. period. Correlations of Verbal IQ with scores on measures of oral language, written language, receptive language, reading comprehension, and basic reading skills were calculated for the total sample and by Grades 1\u20133, 4\u20137, and 8\u201311. Standard regression coefficients were used to estimate the proportion of variance explained by these five measures. Significant correlations were found for Verbal IQ with the measures, ranging from .36 (Basic Reading Skills) to .69 (Receptive Vocabulary). Multiple regression indicated that 59% of the variance was explained by the five measures and that three\u2014Oral Language, Receptive Vocabulary, and Reading Comprehension\u2014contributed significantly to Verbal IQ. Correlations across grades showed inconsistent differences by grade for Verbal IQ with language variables. Implications for speech-language referral practices are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1996.83.1.195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T18:22:40Z","timestamp":1314814960000},"page":"195-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Role of Intelligence Tests in Speech\/Language Referrals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Sparks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, College of Mount St. Joseph"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonore","family":"Ganschow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-pms.1996.83.1.195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949102400306"},{"key":"bibr2-pms.1996.83.1.195","volume-title":"to read: Thinking and learning about print","author":"Adams M.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr3-pms.1996.83.1.195","volume-title":"Reading and writing acquisition: A developmental neuropsychological perspective","author":"Berninger V.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr4-pms.1996.83.1.195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.1993.12085675"},{"key":"bibr5-pms.1996.83.1.195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4405(88)90042-8"},{"key":"bibr6-pms.1996.83.1.195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.1987.12085316"},{"key":"bibr7-pms.1996.83.1.195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.1993.12085678"},{"key":"bibr8-pms.1996.83.1.195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.7194"},{"key":"bibr9-pms.1996.83.1.195","volume-title":"Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised","author":"Dunn L.","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr10-pms.1996.83.1.195","first-page":"337","volume-title":"Literacy, language, and learning","author":"Ehri L.","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr11-pms.1996.83.1.195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.1992.12085617"},{"key":"bibr12-pms.1996.83.1.195","first-page":"85","volume":"1","author":"Ganschow L.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Learning Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"bibr13-pms.1996.83.1.195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200111"},{"key":"bibr14-pms.1996.83.1.195","volume-title":"Test of Written Language","author":"Hammill D.","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr15-pms.1996.83.1.195","volume-title":"Test of Written Language-2","author":"Hammill D.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr16-pms.1996.83.1.195","volume-title":"Test of Adolescent Language-2","author":"Hammill D.","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr17-pms.1996.83.1.195","volume-title":"Test of Language Development-Intermediate (2)","author":"Hammill D.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr18-pms.1996.83.1.195","volume-title":"Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised","author":"Jastak S.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr19-pms.1996.83.1.195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.1993.12085676"},{"key":"bibr20-pms.1996.83.1.195","volume-title":"Exploring speaking-writing relationships: Connections and contrasts","author":"Kroll B.","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr21-pms.1996.83.1.195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193258500600604"},{"key":"bibr22-pms.1996.83.1.195","volume-title":"Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization Test","author":"Lindamood P.","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr23-pms.1996.83.1.195","volume-title":"Test of Language Development-Primary (2)","author":"Newcomer P.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr24-pms.1996.83.1.195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511620683.028"},{"key":"bibr25-pms.1996.83.1.195","volume-title":"Assessment of children","author":"Sattler J. 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