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During inappropriate smiles, the zygomatic muscle exhibited waxing and waning bursts of activity with an amplitude of 75 to 120 \u03bcV, which could not be distinguished from the activity observed during usual smiling in normal subjects. However, the duration of such activity tended to be longer when compared to that in usual smiling by normal subjects as well as by schizophrenic patients. In contrast to usual smiles, inappropriate smiles decreased with personal contact. When asked about their thoughts during smiling shortly after inappropriate smiles, more patients reported that they thought of nothing at all or something not necessarily pleasant rather than something pleasant that would be expected to induce smiling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.2003.96.2.481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T11:55:39Z","timestamp":1314791739000},"page":"481-491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Inappropriate Smile and Zygomatic Muscle Activity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Tukasa","family":"Azuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kosaka Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai University of Welfare Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koh","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Iwase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osami","family":"Kajimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University of Foreign Studies"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Tatsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai University of Welfare Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Sumitsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sumitsuji Institute of General Human Science"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-pms.2003.96.2.481","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00676.x"},{"key":"bibr2-pms.2003.96.2.481","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35536"},{"key":"bibr3-pms.2003.96.2.481","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1971.tb03916.x"},{"key":"bibr4-pms.2003.96.2.481","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197012000-00007"},{"key":"bibr5-pms.2003.96.2.481","first-page":"521","volume":"27","author":"Itoh H.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr6-pms.2003.96.2.481","first-page":"145","volume":"14","author":"Izawa R.","year":"1993","journal-title":"[Japanese Journal of Psychopathology]"},{"key":"bibr7-pms.2003.96.2.481","first-page":"152","volume":"91","author":"Kawasaki T.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatria Neurologica Japonica"},{"key":"bibr8-pms.2003.96.2.481","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(84)90046-3"},{"key":"bibr9-pms.2003.96.2.481","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290100005002"},{"key":"bibr10-pms.2003.96.2.481","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1971.tb04379.x"},{"key":"bibr11-pms.2003.96.2.481","first-page":"149","volume":"13","author":"Ogura H.","year":"1971","journal-title":"[Clinical Psychiatry]"},{"key":"bibr12-pms.2003.96.2.481","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1997.85.3f.1291"},{"key":"bibr13-pms.2003.96.2.481","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2460020409"},{"key":"bibr14-pms.2003.96.2.481","first-page":"77","volume":"7","author":"Sumitsuji N.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Electromyography"},{"key":"bibr15-pms.2003.96.2.481","first-page":"39","volume":"2","author":"Tatsumoto Y.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Kansai University of Welfare Sciences"}],"container-title":["Perceptual and Motor Skills"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2466\/pms.2003.96.2.481","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2466\/pms.2003.96.2.481","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:23:25Z","timestamp":1777605805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2466\/pms.2003.96.2.481"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2466\/pms.2003.96.2.481"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.2003.96.2.481","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-5125","1558-688X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-5125","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-688X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}}}