{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:13:03Z","timestamp":1777885983975,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1977,6,1]],"date-time":"1977-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":233971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An infant rhesus monkey was separated from its mother at 90 days of age, housed individually, and at 120 days of age placed on a purified low protein diet containing 3.5% casein by weight. To enhance the effects of protein-calorie malnutrition, a protein-deficient diet containing 2.0% casein by weight was introduced at 415 days of age. When compared with other animals on an identical dietary regime, the subject manifested a reduced intake of food and a marked decrease in weight gain. Clinical symptomatology analogous to human kwashiorkor progressively developed into an acute phase as a result of protein deficiency and included: brittle, depigmented, and sparse hair; chronic diarrhea; dermatitis as \u201cflaky-paint rash\u201d on the extremities and \u201cmoist groin rash;\u201d edema of the face and extremities; hypoalbuminemia; hypoproteinemia; retardation of growth and physical development; and wasting of muscle tissue. Within 172 days following the dietary shift from 3.5% to 2.0% casein, a terminal state was evidenced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1977.40.3c.1339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T05:01:07Z","timestamp":1314853267000},"page":"1339-1344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emergence of a Kwashiorkor-Like Syndrome Associated with Protein-Calorie Malnutrition in the Developing Rhesus Monkey (\n                    <i>Macaca Mulatta<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Geist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alaska"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olin W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bowling Green State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Michigan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enid M.","family":"Geist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alaska"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1977,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-pr0.1977.40.3c.1339","first-page":"57","volume":"11","author":"Blomquist H.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Animal Care Panel"},{"key":"bibr2-pr0.1977.40.3c.1339","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Calorie deficiencies and protein deficiencies","author":"Bradfield R.","year":"1968"},{"key":"bibr3-pr0.1977.40.3c.1339","first-page":"319","volume":"9","author":"Deo M.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation"},{"key":"bibr4-pr0.1977.40.3c.1339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)34561-5"},{"key":"bibr5-pr0.1977.40.3c.1339","first-page":"14","volume":"80","author":"Deo M.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Archives of Pathology"},{"key":"bibr6-pr0.1977.40.3c.1339","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Meeting protein needs of infants and children","author":"Follis R.","year":"1961"},{"issue":"245","key":"bibr7-pr0.1977.40.3c.1339","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization\/World Health Organization.","year":"1962","journal-title":"World Health Organization Technical Report Series"},{"key":"bibr8-pr0.1977.40.3c.1339","first-page":"369","volume":"22","author":"Geist C. 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