{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:39:40Z","timestamp":1777887580642,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1987,6,1]],"date-time":"1987-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":549504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study investigated the relationship between the laboratory experience of learned helplessness and depressive responses on the Rorschach. 50 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to either a learned-helplessness or nonlearned-helplessness condition. After completion of the experimental conditions, subjects were administered Rorschachs which were scored utilizing the Exner Comprehensive System. Student's t tests indicated significantly higher scores on the sum of all responses involving the use of shading and achromatic features (right-side eb) for the learned-helplessness subjects. According to Rorschach theory, these results suggest that subjects in a learned-helplessness condition experience a more painful affective state and tend to withdraw from their environment more than subjects experiencing a nonlearned-helplessness condition. This can be seen as a defense against experiencing more stress. These conclusions are discussed in the context of learned helplessness and reactive depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1987.60.3.1011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T19:54:50Z","timestamp":1314820490000},"page":"1011-1016","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Learned Helplessness on Rorschach Responses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Ronald H.","family":"Rozensky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evanston Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Tovian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evanston Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Stiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evanston Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Fridkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evanston Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meg","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evanston Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-pr0.1987.60.3.1011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"bibr2-pr0.1987.60.3.1011","volume-title":"Rorschach's test: II. A variety of personality pictures","author":"Beck S. J.","year":"1967"},{"key":"bibr3-pr0.1987.60.3.1011","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Rorschach psychology","author":"Bohm E.","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr4-pr0.1987.60.3.1011","volume-title":"Loss, sadness and depression","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr5-pr0.1987.60.3.1011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.87.1.3"},{"key":"bibr6-pr0.1987.60.3.1011","volume-title":"A Rorschach workbook for the comprehensive system","author":"Exner J. E.","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr7-pr0.1987.60.3.1011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076270"},{"key":"bibr8-pr0.1987.60.3.1011","volume-title":"Developments in the Rorschach technique: I. Theory and techniques","author":"Klopfer B.","year":"1954"},{"key":"bibr9-pr0.1987.60.3.1011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0030647"},{"key":"bibr10-pr0.1987.60.3.1011","volume-title":"Perceptanalysis","author":"Piotrowski Z. A.","year":"1957"},{"key":"bibr11-pr0.1987.60.3.1011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4702_6"},{"key":"bibr12-pr0.1987.60.3.1011","volume-title":"Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1955"}],"container-title":["Psychological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2466\/pr0.1987.60.3.1011","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2466\/pr0.1987.60.3.1011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:17:35Z","timestamp":1777609055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2466\/pr0.1987.60.3.1011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2466\/pr0.1987.60.3.1011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pr0.1987.60.3.1011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2941","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-691X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]}}}