{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:29:36Z","timestamp":1785241776017,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]],"date-time":"1991-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":675734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>According to research, hostility is a reliable predictor of coronary heart disease. Cook-Medley-defined hostility in particular has been seen as a significant precursor of coronary disease. It is important to specify the kind of hostility measured by the Cook-Medley scale. The present study examined the construct validity of the Cook-Medley scale for a sample of 219 university students in Finland, a country with a high incidence of coronary heart disease. The results supported the interpretation of the Cook-Medley scale primarily as a measure of cynicism and distrust. On the basis of our previous research, a subscale of the Cook-Medley scale was formed. This 9-item scale, a measure of Cynical Distrust, correlated positively with cynicism and negatively with trust. Moreover, the over-all pattern of correlations between the new 9-item factor, cynical distrust, and other variables assessing hostility, anger, and trust, was similar to the one obtained for our previous sample of students. It is suggested that this new 9-item scale is a shorter and more specific alternative to the longer Cook-Medley scale as a measure of cynical distrust.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1991.68.3c.1059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T17:14:29Z","timestamp":1314810869000},"page":"1059-1066","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Cook-Medley Hostility, Anger, and the Type a Behavior Pattern in Finland"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Esther R.","family":"Greenglass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"York University, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhani","family":"Julkunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Foundation, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-pr0.1991.68.3c.1059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198303000-00008"},{"key":"bibr2-pr0.1991.68.3c.1059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198709000-00002","volume":"49","author":"Barefoot J. 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