{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:29:22Z","timestamp":1777886962483,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,6,1]],"date-time":"1993-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":738892800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The literature including a number of review articles was examined for answers to the questions, have distinctive personality test profiles of pathological gamblers been identified, do pathological gamblers have control over their behavior, have studies of alcoholism and addiction increased understanding of compulsive gambling, and has psychotherapy or Gamblers Anonymous been successful for them? Much more information is needed to build on what research on these questions has yielded.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1993.72.3.791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T16:29:13Z","timestamp":1314808153000},"page":"791-810","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Review of Research on Pathological Gambling"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"John B.","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. John's University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019756"},{"key":"bibr2-pr0.1993.72.3.791","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1980","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr3-pr0.1993.72.3.791","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1987","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr4-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1984.tb01910.x"},{"key":"bibr5-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00514.x"},{"key":"bibr6-pr0.1993.72.3.791","first-page":"257","volume":"75","author":"Ball I. L.","year":"1984","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr7-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-196804000-00002"},{"key":"bibr8-pr0.1993.72.3.791","volume-title":"The psychology of gambling","author":"Bergler E.","year":"1958"},{"key":"bibr9-pr0.1993.72.3.791","first-page":"404","volume":"37","author":"Blackman S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hospital and Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr10-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01734.x"},{"key":"bibr11-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00301.x"},{"key":"bibr12-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019930"},{"key":"bibr13-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(86)90062-0"},{"key":"bibr14-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019883"},{"key":"bibr15-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1968.01740050105018"},{"key":"bibr16-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01043449"},{"key":"bibr17-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01022134"},{"key":"bibr18-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019873"},{"key":"bibr19-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-6566(91)90015-I"},{"key":"bibr20-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019887"},{"key":"bibr21-pr0.1993.72.3.791","volume-title":"Addictive disorders update: Alcoholism\/drug abuse\/gambling","author":"Carone P. A.","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr22-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)91083-9"},{"key":"bibr23-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01087474"},{"key":"bibr24-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01014528"},{"key":"bibr25-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03936.x"},{"key":"bibr26-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01022135"},{"key":"bibr27-pr0.1993.72.3.791","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Addictive disorders update: Alcoholism\/drug abuse\/gambling","author":"Custer R. L.","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr28-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019884"},{"key":"bibr29-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01087473"},{"key":"bibr30-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089109058903"},{"key":"bibr31-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01018328"},{"key":"bibr32-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01015751"},{"key":"bibr33-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1979.12-315"},{"key":"bibr34-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(79)90090-9"},{"key":"bibr35-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1990.66.1.95"},{"key":"bibr36-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019750"},{"key":"bibr37-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1417935"},{"key":"bibr38-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019876"},{"key":"bibr39-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01087477"},{"key":"bibr40-pr0.1993.72.3.791","first-page":"222","volume-title":"Sigmund Freud: Collected Papers of","volume":"5","author":"Freud S.","year":"1928"},{"key":"bibr41-pr0.1993.72.3.791","first-page":"45","volume":"10","author":"Gafner G.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clinical Gerontologist"},{"key":"bibr42-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(86)90026-0"},{"key":"bibr43-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(85)90180-5"},{"key":"bibr44-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.508.329"},{"key":"bibr45-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019935"},{"key":"bibr46-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.140.4.364"},{"key":"bibr47-pr0.1993.72.3.791","first-page":"3274","volume-title":"Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry","author":"Greenberg H. R.","year":"1980","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr48-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1991.10543298"},{"key":"bibr49-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01022138"},{"key":"bibr50-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01014578"},{"key":"bibr51-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01013492"},{"key":"bibr52-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1990.70.3c.1138"},{"key":"bibr53-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1990.70.3c.1258"},{"key":"bibr54-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01015747"},{"key":"bibr55-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1992.71.1.160"},{"key":"bibr56-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826086909062011"},{"key":"bibr57-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1964.11926325"},{"key":"bibr58-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01087475"},{"key":"bibr59-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1969.25.1.19"},{"key":"bibr60-pr0.1993.72.3.791","volume-title":"Dostoyevsky: His life and work","author":"Hingley R.","year":"1978"},{"key":"bibr61-pr0.1993.72.3.791","first-page":"1","volume":"85","author":"Holmstrom D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Christian Science Monitor"},{"key":"bibr62-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01020104"},{"key":"bibr63-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047690"},{"key":"bibr64-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01043526"},{"key":"bibr65-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1991.68.2.701"},{"key":"bibr66-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01018332"},{"key":"bibr67-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019863"},{"key":"bibr68-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019755"},{"key":"bibr69-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01020108"},{"key":"bibr70-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01014526"},{"key":"bibr71-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1988.9915527"},{"key":"bibr72-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1984.9923657"},{"key":"bibr73-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01043450"},{"key":"bibr74-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1986.9712614"},{"key":"bibr75-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.32.2.311"},{"key":"bibr76-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.32.6.951"},{"key":"bibr77-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1979.11024008"},{"key":"bibr78-pr0.1993.72.3.791","volume-title":"The chase: Career of the compulsive gambler","author":"Lesieur H. R.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr79-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01043527"},{"key":"bibr80-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.9.1184"},{"key":"bibr81-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01863.x"},{"key":"bibr82-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(91)90059-Q"},{"key":"bibr83-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019763"},{"key":"bibr84-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019764"},{"key":"bibr85-pr0.1993.72.3.791","first-page":"201","volume":"47","author":"Linden R. D.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr86-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01367437"},{"key":"bibr87-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6629(198301)11:1<67::AID-JCOP2290110107>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"bibr88-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019933"},{"key":"bibr89-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.94.1.86"},{"key":"bibr90-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01023747"},{"key":"bibr91-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.142.4.366"},{"key":"bibr92-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.3.390"},{"key":"bibr93-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019885"},{"key":"bibr94-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.2.215"},{"key":"bibr95-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01014525"},{"key":"bibr96-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.3.318"},{"key":"bibr97-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01023749"},{"key":"bibr98-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1970.tb03705.x"},{"key":"bibr99-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.116.535.593"},{"key":"bibr100-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1979.tb02405.x"},{"key":"bibr101-pr0.1993.72.3.791","volume-title":"First interim report of the Commission on the review of the national policy toward gambling","author":"Morin C. H.","year":"1975"},{"key":"bibr102-pr0.1993.72.3.791","volume-title":"Commission on the review of the national policy toward gambling","author":"Morin C. H.","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr103-pr0.1993.72.3.791","first-page":"785","volume":"80","author":"Moskowitz J. A.","year":"1980","journal-title":"New York State Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bibr104-pr0.1993.72.3.791","first-page":"81","volume":"115","author":"Murray J. B.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs"},{"key":"bibr105-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019753"},{"key":"bibr106-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01013494"},{"key":"bibr107-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(76)90087-5"},{"key":"bibr108-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/qjsa.1966.27.049"},{"key":"bibr109-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.41.4.461"},{"key":"bibr110-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019862"},{"key":"bibr111-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(83)90044-8"},{"key":"bibr112-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019932"},{"key":"bibr113-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01018430"},{"key":"bibr114-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0092976"},{"key":"bibr115-pr0.1993.72.3.791","first-page":"823","volume":"35","author":"Russo A. M.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hospital and Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr116-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.117.540.545"},{"key":"bibr117-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)91549-2"},{"key":"bibr118-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(73)80074-7"},{"key":"bibr119-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(76)90013-9"},{"key":"bibr120-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1417980"},{"key":"bibr121-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1991.69.2.420"},{"key":"bibr122-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019881"},{"key":"bibr123-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01018331"},{"key":"bibr124-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.6.757"},{"key":"bibr125-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1983.52.2.586"},{"key":"bibr126-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1991.68.3.946"},{"key":"bibr127-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psychotherapy.1967.21.4.808"},{"key":"bibr128-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01013495"},{"key":"bibr129-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.4.502"},{"key":"bibr130-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446802800242"},{"key":"bibr131-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-6566(73)90034-2"},{"key":"bibr132-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01020106"},{"key":"bibr133-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01020103"},{"key":"bibr134-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1981.tb03238.x"},{"key":"bibr135-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1982.50.2.583"},{"key":"bibr136-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01014527"},{"key":"bibr137-pr0.1993.72.3.791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.46.1.139"}],"container-title":["Psychological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2466\/pr0.1993.72.3.791","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2466\/pr0.1993.72.3.791","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:56:20Z","timestamp":1777607780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2466\/pr0.1993.72.3.791"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]},"references-count":137,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2466\/pr0.1993.72.3.791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pr0.1993.72.3.791","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2941","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-691X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]}}}