{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:36:03Z","timestamp":1761489363608,"version":"3.40.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"WHO Press","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bull. World Health Organ."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.2471\/blt.13.129601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T10:52:42Z","timestamp":1398163962000},"page":"356-366C","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases: overview of randomized trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses"],"prefix":"10.2471","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Shanthi","family":"Kappagoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America (USA)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John PA","family":"Ioannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, MSOB X306, Stanford, California, 94305-5411, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1305","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030102","article-title":"Incorporating a rapid-impact package for neglected tropical diseases with programs for HIV\/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.","volume":"3","author":"Hotez","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R2","unstructured":"Working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases. [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/2010report [accessed 5 February 2014]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09096-7","article-title":"Drug development for neglected diseases: a deficient market and a public-health policy failure.","volume":"359","author":"Trouiller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10610","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010610","article-title":"Development of and access to products for neglected diseases.","volume":"5","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773211Y.0000000010","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of triple drug administration (TDA) with praziquantel, ivermectin and albendazole for the prevention of neglected tropical diseases in Nigeria.","volume":"105","author":"Evans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-1589","article-title":"Integrated implementation of programs targeting neglected tropical diseases through preventive chemotherapy: identifying best practices to roll out programs at national scale.","volume":"86","author":"Hanson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e336","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020336","article-title":"\u201cRapid-impact interventions\u201d: how a policy of integrated control for Africa\u2019s neglected tropical diseases could benefit the poor.","volume":"2","author":"Molyneux","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R8","unstructured":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [Internet]. Leading global health organizations receive $46.7 million from Gates Foundation to integrate programs fighting neglected tropical diseases (press release). 19 December 2006. Seattle: BMGF; 2014. Available from: http:\/\/www.gatesfoundation.org\/What-We-Do\/Global-Health\/Neglected-Infectious-Diseases\/Press-Releases?page=3&perPage=8&orderBy=_searchdate&orderDir=Reverse [accessed 5 February 2014]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.165","article-title":"Preventive chemotherapy and the fight against neglected tropical diseases.","volume":"10","author":"Montresor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R10","unstructured":"World Health Organization [Internet]. Health statistics and health information systems. Metrics: disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Geneva: WHO; 2012. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/healthinfo\/global_burden_disease\/metrics_daly [accessed 5 February 2014]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000114","article-title":"Measuring the burden of neglected tropical diseases: the global burden of disease framework.","volume":"1","author":"Mathers","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R12","first-page":"360","article-title":"Re-evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia.","volume":"83","author":"Knobel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.05.28696","article-title":"The SAFE strategy for trachoma control: using operational research for policy, planning and implementation.","volume":"84","author":"Emerson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00740.x","article-title":"Effect of dengue vector control interventions on entomological parameters in developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"22","author":"Erlanger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1278","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001278","article-title":"The value of educational messages embedded in a community-based approach to combat dengue fever: a systematic review and meta regression analysis.","volume":"5","author":"Al-Muhandis","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.084","article-title":"Efficacy of killed whole-parasite vaccines in the prevention of leishmaniasis: a meta-analysis.","volume":"27","author":"Noazin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.09.161","article-title":"BCG vaccination and leprosy protection: review of current evidence and status of BCG in leprosy control.","volume":"9","author":"Merle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70412-1","article-title":"The role of BCG in prevention of leprosy: a meta-analysis.","volume":"6","author":"Setia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.31891","article-title":"Protective effect of bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine in the prevention of leprosy: a meta-analysis.","volume":"73","author":"Zodpey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892009001000009","article-title":"Chemoprophylaxis in contacts of patients with leprosy: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"26","author":"Reveiz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2000.0698","article-title":"Chemoprophylaxis is effective in the prevention of leprosy in endemic countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. MILEP2 Study Group. Mucosal immunology of leprosy.","volume":"41","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-201","article-title":"Efficacy of praziquantel and artemisinin derivatives for the treatment and prevention of human schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45867","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045867","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of artemisinin based therapies for the treatment and prevention of schistosomiasis.","volume":"7","author":"P\u00e9rez del Villar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70099-9","article-title":"Effect of single-dose ivermectin on Onchocerca volvulus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"8","author":"Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01458.x","article-title":"Albendazole for the control and elimination of lymphatic filariasis: systematic review.","volume":"10","author":"Critchley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R26","first-page":"CD003753","article-title":"Albendazole for lymphatic filariasis.","author":"Critchley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70192-4","article-title":"Mass chemotherapy options to control lymphatic filariasis: a systematic review.","volume":"5","author":"Tisch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.6.2.179","article-title":"Treatment strategies underpinning the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis.","volume":"6","author":"Gyapong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R29","first-page":"CD001860","article-title":"Antibiotics for trachoma.","author":"Evans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R30","first-page":"CD003659","article-title":"Face washing promotion for preventing active trachoma.","volume":"4","author":"Ejere","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R31","first-page":"CD004003","article-title":"Environmental sanitary interventions for preventing active trachoma.","volume":"2","author":"Rabiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00659-5","article-title":"A critical review of the SAFE strategy for the prevention of blinding trachoma.","volume":"3","author":"Kuper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00603.x","article-title":"Review of the evidence base for the \u2018F\u2019 and \u2018E\u2019 components of the SAFE strategy for trachoma control.","volume":"5","author":"Emerson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02396.x","article-title":"Multi-modal Aedes aegypti mosquito reduction interventions and dengue fever prevention.","volume":"14","author":"Ballenger-Browning","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R35","first-page":"619","article-title":"Effectiveness of peridomestic space spraying with insecticide on dengue transmission; systematic review.","volume":"15","author":"Esu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.08.007","article-title":"What do community-based dengue control programmes achieve? A systematic review of published evaluations.","volume":"101","author":"Heintze","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.1499","article-title":"BCG vaccine: efficacy and indications for vaccination and revaccination.","volume":"82","author":"Barreto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822011005000014","article-title":"How effective is dog culling in controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis? A critical evaluation of the science, politics and ethics behind this public health policy.","volume":"44","author":"Costa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000584","article-title":"Control of visceral leishmaniasis in Latin America \u2013 a systematic review.","volume":"4","author":"Romero","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R40","first-page":"CD002219","article-title":"Ivermectin for onchocercal eye disease (river blindness).","volume":"8","author":"Ejere","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0375","article-title":"A systematic review of preventive health educational videos targeting infectious diseases in schoolchildren.","volume":"87","author":"Bieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1321","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001321","article-title":"Utility of repeated praziquantel dosing in the treatment of schistosomiasis in high-risk communities in Africa: a systematic review.","volume":"5","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v12i1.56366","article-title":"Soil transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis in school age children in sub-Saharan Africa: efficacy of chemotherapeutic intervention since World Health Assembly Resolution 2001.","volume":"12","author":"Uneke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tanzan J Health Res"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1207","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001207","article-title":"Community participation in Chagas disease vector surveillance: systematic review.","volume":"5","author":"Abad-Franch","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.05.007","article-title":"Projected benefits from integrating NTD programs in sub-Saharan Africa.","volume":"22","author":"Brady","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61422-7","article-title":"Socioeconomic aspects of neglected tropical diseases.","volume":"375","author":"Conteh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6512","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e6512","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases: survey and geometry of randomised evidence.","volume":"345","author":"Kappagoda","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.9.2.105.1522","article-title":"The Flies and Eyes project: design and methods of a cluster-randomised intervention study to confirm the importance of flies as trachoma vectors in The Gambia and to test a sustainable method of fly control using pit latrines.","volume":"9","author":"Emerson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.09.008","article-title":"Randomised trial of face-washing to develop a standard definition of a clean face for monitoring trachoma control programmes.","volume":"105","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9082772","article-title":"Water and sanitation in schools: a systematic review of the health and educational outcomes.","volume":"9","author":"Jasper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000367","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000367","article-title":"Hygiene, sanitation, and water: forgotten foundations of health.","volume":"7","author":"Bartram","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001162","article-title":"Effect of sanitation on soil-transmitted helminth infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Ziegelbauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-11-4","article-title":"An ecological quantification of the relationships between water, sanitation and infant, child, and maternal mortality.","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.6.7.11934","article-title":"Assessing the relationship between antigenicity and immunogenicity of human rabies vaccines when administered by intradermal route: results of a metaanalysis.","volume":"6","author":"Sudarshan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.1.5.2110","article-title":"Assessing the relationship between antigenicity and immunogenicity of human rabies vaccines. Results of a meta-analysis.","volume":"1","author":"Sudarshan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530280060038","article-title":"Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients. Resolving discordant meta-analyses.","volume":"275","author":"Cook","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R57","first-page":"1411","article-title":"A guide to interpreting discordant systematic reviews.","volume":"156","author":"Jadad","year":"1997","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2007.00959.x","article-title":"Why have meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of the association between non-white-blood-cell-reduced allogeneic blood transfusion and postoperative infection produced discordant results?","volume":"93","author":"Vamvakas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e291","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000291","article-title":"Hookworm-related anaemia among pregnant women: a systematic review.","volume":"2","author":"Brooker","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01072-10","article-title":"Maternal Schistosomiasis japonica is associated with maternal, placental, and fetal inflammation.","volume":"79","author":"Kurtis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.13.129601-201404221249-R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1608","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001608","article-title":"Increased birth weight associated with regular pre-pregnancy deworming and weekly iron-folic acid supplementation for Vietnamese women.","volume":"6","author":"Passerini","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["Bulletin of the World Health Organization"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T17:13:21Z","timestamp":1742404401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4007126\/pdf\/BLT.13.129601.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/blt.13.129601","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9686"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0042-9686"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]]}}}