{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:59:32Z","timestamp":1789642772053,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"WHO Press","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bull. World Health Organ."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.2471\/blt.15.157784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,26]],"date-time":"2015-10-26T12:38:32Z","timestamp":1445863112000},"page":"799-805","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Access to hepatitis C medicines"],"prefix":"10.2471","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Danny J","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Access to Medicine Foundation, Scheepmakersdijk 5A, 2011 AS, Haarlem, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphi GM","family":"Coppens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Access to Medicine Foundation, Scheepmakersdijk 5A, 2011 AS, Haarlem, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara L","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Access to Medicine Foundation, Scheepmakersdijk 5A, 2011 AS, Haarlem, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurien A","family":"Rook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Access to Medicine Foundation, Scheepmakersdijk 5A, 2011 AS, Haarlem, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayasree K","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Access to Medicine Foundation, Scheepmakersdijk 5A, 2011 AS, Haarlem, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1305","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R1","unstructured":"Guidelines for the screening, care and treatment of persons with Hepatitis C infection [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. Available from: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/111747\/1\/9789241548755_eng.pdf?ua=1andua=1[cited 2015 Mar 13]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R2","unstructured":"Hepatitis C fact sheet No 164 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs164\/en\/[cited 2015 Feb 27]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.01.004","article-title":"A path to eradication of hepatitis C in low- and middle-income countries.","volume":"119","author":"Graham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.07.027","article-title":"Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"61","author":"Gower","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldv004","article-title":"Revolution in hepatitis C antiviral therapy.","volume":"113","author":"Sadler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R6","unstructured":"1998: Big pharma versus Nelson Mandela [Internet]. Geneva: Med\u00e9cins Sans Fronti\u00e8res Access Campaign; 2009. Available from: http:\/\/www.msfaccess.org\/content\/1998-big-pharma-versus-nelson-mandela [cited 2015 Feb 27]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R7","unstructured":"Global health observatory, HIV\/AIDS [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/hiv\/en\/[cited 2015 Feb 27]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R8","first-page":"37","author":"Sumner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global poverty, aid, and middle-income countries: are the country classifications moribund or is global poverty in the process of \u201cnationalizing\u201d?"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R9","unstructured":"Pezzini M. An emerging middle class [Internet]. Paris: OECD Observer; 2012. Available from: http:\/\/www.oecdobserver.org\/news\/fullstory.php\/aid\/3681\/An_emerging_middle_class.html[cited 2015 Feb 27]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R10","unstructured":"Hepatitis C medicines: technology and market landscape. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/unitaid.org\/images\/marketdynamics\/publications\/HCV_Meds_Landscape_Feb2015.pdf[cited 2015 Aug 18]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R11","unstructured":"Access to Medicine Index. Haarlem, Netherlands: Access to Medicine Foundation; 2014. Available from: http:\/\/www.accesstomedicineindex.org\/sites\/2015.atmindex.org\/files\/2014_accesstomedicineindex_fullreport_clickablepdf.pdf[cited 2015 Oct 5]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R12","unstructured":"Methodology report 2013 for the 2014 Access to Medicine Index. Haarlem: The Access to Medicine Foundation; 2013. Available from: http:\/\/www.accesstomedicineindex.org\/sites\/2015.atmindex.org\/files\/general\/methodology_report_2013_for_the_2014_access_to_medicine_index.pdf[cited 2015 Jul 6]."},{"issue":"1","key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R13","first-page":"21","article-title":"Clinical monitoring of chronic hepatitis C based on its natural history and therapy.","volume":"7","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci (Boston)"},{"issue":"5","key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl14083","article-title":"Emerging therapies for hepatitis C.","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R15","unstructured":"WHO moves to improve access to lifesaving medicines for hepatitis C, drug-resistant TB and cancers [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/releases\/2015\/new-essential-medicines-list\/en\/[cited 2015 Jul 7]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R16","unstructured":"Staton T. Another one bites the dust: Merck cans hep C fighter Victrelis as new meds take flight [Internet]. Washington: FiercePharma; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.fiercepharma.com\/story\/another-one-bites-dust-merck-cans-hep-c-fighter-victrelis-new-meds-take-fli\/2015-01-21[cited 2015 Mar 3]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R17","unstructured":"Boehringer Ingelheim statement on hepatitis C drug development [Internet]. Ingelheim am Rhein: Boehringer Ingelheim; 2014. Available from: http:\/\/www.boehringer-ingelheim.com\/news\/news_releases\/press_releases\/2014\/20_june_2014_hepatitis.html[cited 2015 Feb 27]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R18","unstructured":"Hepatitis C treatment [Internet]. New York: Hep Magazine; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.hepmag.com\/articles\/2512_13704.shtml [cited 2015 Sep 23]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R19","unstructured":"HCV developing world strategy [Internet]. New York: Bristol-Myers Squibb; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.bms.com\/responsibility\/access to medicines\/Pages\/HCV-developing-world-strategy.aspx [cited 2015 Mar 13]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R20","unstructured":"Reeves A. Gilead, AbbVie Hep C price cuts seen hitting sales. Investor\u2019s Business Daily. 2015 Jan 21. Available from: http:\/\/news.investors.com\/technology\/012115-735507-hepatitis-c-drugs-gilead-abbvie-may-miss-estimates.htm [cited 2015 Feb 27]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R21","author":"Buente","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharma emerging market 2.0: how emerging markets are driving the transformation of the pharmaceutical industry."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R22","unstructured":"Barriers to access and scale up of hepatitis C (HCV) treatment: Gilead\u2019s anti-diversion program. Geneva: Med\u00e9cins Sans Fronti\u00e8res; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.msfaccess.org\/sites\/default\/files\/HepC_Gilead_anti-diversion_FINAL.pdf[cited 2015 Mar 19]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R23","unstructured":"Gilead Sciences, Inc. earnings: we\u2019ll make up for it in volume [Internet]. Alexandria: The Motley Fool; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.fool.com\/investing\/general\/2015\/02\/03\/gilead-sciences-inc-earnings-well-make-up-for-it-i.aspx[cited 2015 Mar 13]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R24","unstructured":"Londeix P. New treatments for hepatitis C virus, strategies for achieving universal access. Brussels: M\u00e9decins du Monde; 2014. Available from: http:\/\/hepcoalition.org\/IMG\/pdf\/web_daas_strategies_for_achieving_universal_access_en.pdf[cited 2015 Feb 27]."},{"issue":"7","key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu012","article-title":"Minimum costs for producing hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals for use in large-scale treatment access programs in developing countries.","volume":"58","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R26","unstructured":"Gilead Sciences Q1\u201915 form 10-Q [Internet]. Available from: http:\/\/investors.gilead.com\/phoenix.zhtml?c=69964&p=irol-earnings [cited 2015 Jul 7]."},{"issue":"1","key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2652-13-35","article-title":"A lifeline to treatment: the role of Indian generic manufacturers in supplying antiretroviral medicines to developing countries.","volume":"13","author":"Waning","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R28","unstructured":"License agreement, Gilead Sciences Limited: sofosbuvir and ledipasvir [Internet]. Foster City: Gilead; 2014. Available from: http:\/\/www.gilead.com\/~\/media\/files\/pdfs\/other\/2014_original_hcv_licensing_agreement.pdf?la=en [cited 2015 Jul 8]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R29","unstructured":"KEI welcomes the Gilead HCV licenses, as a step to expand access to treatment. Notes challenges that remain [Internet]. Washington: Knowledge Ecology International; 2014. Available from: http:\/\/www.keionline.org\/node\/2082[cited 2015 Feb 27]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R30","unstructured":"Gilead\u2019s license on hepatitis C drugs, Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir: a Fool\u2019s Bargain \u2013 Myths and facts [Internet]. hepCoalition; 2014. Available from: http:\/\/www.hepcoalition.org\/news\/article\/gilead-s-license-on-hepatitis-c [cited 2015 Sep 23]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R31","unstructured":"Rajagopal D. Natco Pharma launches hepatitis C drug in Nepal [Internet]. India: The Economic Times; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com\/2015-03-10\/news\/59969949_1_us-based-gilead-sciences-natco-pharma-sofosbuvir[cited 2015 Mar 30]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R32","unstructured":"Medicines patent pool, ViiV Healthcare sign licence for the most recent HIV medicine to have received regulatory approval [Internet]. Geneva: Medicines Patent Pool; 2014. Available from: http:\/\/www.medicinespatentpool.org\/medicines-patent-pool-viiv-healthcare-sign-licence-for-the-most-recent-hiv-medicine-to-have-received-regulatory-approval\/[cited 2015 Mar 13]."},{"key":"key-10.2471\/BLT.15.157784-201510261336-R33","unstructured":"Gilead expands hepatitis C generic licensing agreements to include investigational pan-genotypic agent [Internet]. Foster City: Gilead; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.gilead.com\/news\/press-releases\/2015\/1\/gilead-expands-hepatitis-c-generic-licensing-agreements-to-include-investigational-pangenotypic-agent [cited 2015 Feb 27]."}],"container-title":["Bulletin of the World Health Organization"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T17:16:31Z","timestamp":1742404591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4622162\/pdf\/BLT.15.157784.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/blt.15.157784","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9686"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-9686","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]]}}}