{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T04:50:09Z","timestamp":1769316609082,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Index Copernicus","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We develop a positronium imaging method for the Jagiellonian PET (J-PET) scanners based on the time-of-flight maximum likelihood expectation maximisation (TOF MLEM). The system matrix elements are calculated on-the-fly for the coincidences comprising two annihilation and one de-excitation photons that originate from the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) decay. Using the Geant4 library, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted for four cylindrical <jats:sup>22<\/jats:sup>Na sources of \u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> decay with diverse o-Ps mean lifetimes, placed symmetrically inside the two JPET prototypes. The estimated time differences between the annihilation and the positron emission were aggregated into histograms (one per voxel), updated by the weights of the activities reconstructed by TOF MLEM. The simulations were restricted to include only the o-Ps decays into back-to-back photons, allowing a linear fitting model to be employed for the estimation of the mean lifetime from each histogram built in the log scale. To suppress the noise, the exclusion of voxels with activity below 2% \u2013 10% of the peak was studied. The estimated o-Ps mean lifetimes were consistent with the simulation and distributed quasi -uniformly at high MLEM iterations. The proposed positronium imaging technique can be further upgraded to include various correction factors, as well as be modified according to realistic o-Ps decay models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/bioal-2022-0082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T14:17:38Z","timestamp":1671891458000},"page":"135-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Multi-photon time-of-flight MLEM application for the positronium imaging in J-PET"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1089-5050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman Y.","family":"Shopa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Complex Systems , National Centre for Nuclear Research , Otwock-\u015awierk , Poland"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Dulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science , Jagiellonian University , Krak\u00f3w , Poland ; Center for Theranostics , Jagiellonian University , Krak\u00f3w , Poland ; and INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati , Frascati , Italy ."}]}],"member":"3689","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023110211523483014_j_bioal-2022-0082_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] Moskal P, St\u0119pie\u0144 E\u0141. 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Developing a Novel Positronium Biomarker for Cardiac Myxoma Imaging. bioRxiv. 2021. doi:10.1101\/2021.08.05.455285.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.08.05.455285"},{"key":"2023110211523483014_j_bioal-2022-0082_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[14] Stepien E, Kubicz E, Grudzien G, Dulski K, Leszczynski B, Moskal P. Positronium life-time as a new approach for cardiac masses imaging. European Heart Journal. 2021 oct;42(Supplement_1). doi:10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab724.3279.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab724.3279"},{"key":"2023110211523483014_j_bioal-2022-0082_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[15] Moskal P, Dulski K, Chug N, Curceanu C, Czerwi\u0144ski E, Dadgar M, et al. Positronium imaging with the novel multiphoton PET scanner. Science Advances. 2021 oct;7(42). doi:10.1126\/sciadv.abh4394.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abh4394"},{"key":"2023110211523483014_j_bioal-2022-0082_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[16] Moskal P, Nied\u017awiecki S, Bednarski T, Czerwi\u0144ski E, Kap\u0142on \u0141, Kubicz E, et al. Test of a single module of the J-PET scanner based on plastic scintillators. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 2014 nov;764:317\u2013321. doi:10.1016\/j.nima.2014.07.052.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2014.07.052"},{"key":"2023110211523483014_j_bioal-2022-0082_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[17] Raczy\u0144ski L, Moskal P, Kowalski P, Wi\u015blicki W, Bednarski T, Bia\u0142as P, et al. Novel method for hit-position reconstruction using voltage signals in plastic scintillators and its application to Positron Emission Tomography. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 2014 nov;764:186\u2013192. doi:10.1016\/j.nima.2014.07.032.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2014.07.032"},{"key":"2023110211523483014_j_bioal-2022-0082_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[18] Moskal P, Rundel O, Alfs D, Bednarski T, Bia\u0142as P, Czerwi\u0144ski E, et al. Time resolution of the plastic scintillator strips with matrix photomultiplier readout for J-PET tomograph. Physics in Medicine & Biology. 2016;61(5):2025\u20132047. doi:10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/5\/2025.","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/5\/2025"},{"key":"2023110211523483014_j_bioal-2022-0082_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[19] Nied\u017awiecki S, Bia\u0142as P, Curceanu C, Czerwi\u0144ski E, Dulski K, Gajos A, et al. J-PET: A New Technology for the Whole-body PET Imaging. 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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 2016 may;819:54\u201359. doi:10.1016\/j.nima.2016.02.069.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2016.02.069"},{"key":"2023110211523483014_j_bioal-2022-0082_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[22] Moskal P, Kisielewska D, Curceanu C, Czerwi\u0144ski E, Dulski K, Gajos A, et al. Feasibility study of the positronium imaging with the JPET tomograph. Physics in Medicine & Biology. 2019 mar;64(5):055017. doi:10.1088\/1361-6560\/aafe20.","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aafe20"},{"key":"2023110211523483014_j_bioal-2022-0082_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[23] Moskal P, Kisielewska D, Shopa RY, Bura Z, Chhokar J, Curceanu C, et al. Performance assessment of the 2 \u03b3positronium imaging with the total-body PET scanners. 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[references list]"}],"container-title":["Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sciendo.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/bioal-2022-0082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T10:07:31Z","timestamp":1719223651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bamsjournal.com\/resources\/html\/article\/details?id=617725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/bioal-2022-0082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/bioal-2022-0082","relation":{},"ISSN":["1896-530X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1896-530X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]}}}