{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T01:07:27Z","timestamp":1778029647353,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In the last thirty years, an increasing interest in sport sciences regarding the analysis of expert athletes\u2019 gaze behavior has become apparent. This narrative review provides an overview of the use of eye tracking systems in high-performance sports from 1987 to 2016. A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and WebofScience databases was conducted. The search was performed using the keywords\n                    <jats:italic>eye tracking<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>eye movement<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>gaze behavior\/patterns<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>visual search strategies<\/jats:italic>\n                    in combination with\n                    <jats:italic>high-performance sports<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>elite athletes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>high-class athletes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>sport experts<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>top-athletes<\/jats:italic>\n                    . It yielded a total of 86 studies of which almost half were conducted computer-based or in front of a screen. Most studies dealt with the analysis of gaze behavior during dead ball situations while also focusing on differences between expert athletes and novices. More high-quality intervention studies are essential to determine if there are ideal gaze strategies and, if yes, how it is possible to learn\/implement these.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/ijcss-2018-0011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T04:32:17Z","timestamp":1547008337000},"page":"182-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Eye tracking in high-performance sports: Evaluation of its application in expert athletes"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"H\u00fcttermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics , German Sport University Cologne , Germany"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"No\u00ebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics , German Sport University Cologne , Germany"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Memmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics , German Sport University Cologne , Germany"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_001_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ab1Aa","unstructured":"Abernethy, B. (1987). Review: Selective attention in fast ball sports: Expert-novice differences. The Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19, 7-16."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_002_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ab2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abernethy, B. (1990). Expertise, visual search, and information pick-up in squash. Perception, 19, 63-77.10.1068\/p1900632336337","DOI":"10.1068\/p190063"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_003_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ab3Aa","unstructured":"Abernethy, B. (2001). Attention. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, & C. M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (2nd ed., pp. 53-85). New York: Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_004_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ab4Aa","unstructured":"Adolphe, R. M., Vickers, J. N., & Laplante, G. (1997). The effects of training visual attention on gaze behaviour and accuracy: A pilot study. International Journal of Sports Vision, 4, 28-33."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_005_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ab5Aa","unstructured":"Afonso, J., Garganta, J., McRobert, A., Williams, A. M., & Mesquita, I. (2012). The perceptual cognitive processes underpinning skilled performance in volleyball: Evidence from eye-movements and verbal reports of thinking involving an in situ representative task. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 11, 339-345."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_006_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ab6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo, D., & Davids, K. (2016). Team synergies in sport: Theory and measures. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1449.10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01449503078227708609","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01449"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_007_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ab7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo, D., Davids, K., & Passos, P. (2007). Ecological validity, representative design and correspondence between experimental task constraints and behavioral settings. Ecological Psychology, 19, 69-78.10.1080\/10407410709336951","DOI":"10.1080\/10407410709336951"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_008_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ab8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker, J., C\u00f4t\u00e9, J., & Abernethy, B. (2003). Learning from the experts: Practice activities of expert decision makers in sport. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74, 342-347.10.1080\/02701367.2003.1060910114510301","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2003.10609101"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_009_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ab9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunswik, E. (1955). Representative design and probabilistic theory in a functional psychology. Psychological Review, 62, 193-217.10.1037\/h004747014371898","DOI":"10.1037\/h0047470"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_010_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chmura, J., Nazar, K., & Kaciuba-Uscilko, H. (1994). Choice reaction time during graded exercise in relation to blood lactate and plasma catecholamine thresholds. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 15, 172-176.10.1055\/s-2007-10210428063464","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021042"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_011_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collins, A. J., & Fauser, C. J. M. B. (2005). Balancing the strengths of systematic and narrative reviews. Human Reproduction Update, 11,103-104.10.1093\/humupd\/dmh05815618290","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmh058"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_012_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac12Aa","unstructured":"Cooper, H., Hedges, L. V., & Valentine, J. C. (2009). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (2nd). New York: Russell Sage Foundation."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_013_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Croft, J. L., Button, C., & Dicks, M. (2010). Visual strategies of sub-elite cricket batsmen in response to different ball velocities. Human Movement Science, 29, 751-763.10.1016\/j.humov.2009.10.00420031242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2009.10.004"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_014_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac14Aa","unstructured":"Dicks, M. (2010). Brunswik\u2019s representative design and the study of visual anticipation in sport. The Brunswik Society Newsletter, 25, 9-10."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_015_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dicks, M., Button, C., & Davids, K. (2010). Examination of gaze behaviors under in situ and video simulation task constraints reveals differences in information pickup for perception and action. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72, 706-720.10.3758\/APP.72.3.70620348577","DOI":"10.3758\/APP.72.3.706"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_016_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dixon-Woods, M., Fitzpatrick, R., & Roberts, K. (2001). Including qualitative research in systematic reviews: Opportunities and problems. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 7, 125-133.10.1046\/j.1365-2753.2001.00257.x11489038","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2753.2001.00257.x"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_017_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farrell, J. E. (1975). The classification of physical education skills. Quest, 14, 63-68.10.1080\/00336297.1975.10519846","DOI":"10.1080\/00336297.1975.10519846"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_018_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fasold, F., No\u00ebl, B., Wolf, F., & H\u00fcttermann, S. (2018, in press). Coordinated gaze behaviour of handball referees - A practical exploration with focus on the methodical implementation. Movement and Sport Sciences.10.1051\/sm\/2018029","DOI":"10.1051\/sm\/2018029"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_019_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gegenfurtner, A., Lehtinen, E., & S\u00e4lj\u00f6, R. (2011). Expertise differences in the comprehension of visualizations: A meta-analysis of eye-tracking research in professional domains. Educational Psychology Review, 23, 523-552.10.1007\/s10648-011-9174-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-011-9174-7"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_020_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac20Aa","unstructured":"Gentile, A. M., Higgins, J. R., Miller, E. A., & Rosen, B. M. (1975). The structure of motor tasks. In C. Bard, M. Fleury, & J. Salmela (Eds.), Mouvement: Actes du 7 symposium Canadien en apprentissage psycho-moteur et psychologie du sport (pp. 11-28). Quebec: Canadian Society for Motor Learning and Sport Psychology."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_021_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac21Aa","unstructured":"Gibson, J. J. (1979). Visual perception. In J. J. Gibson (Ed.). The ecological approach to visual perception (pp. 137-252). Boston: Houghton Mifflin."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_022_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goulet, C., Bard, C., & Fleury, M. (1989). Expertise differences in preparing to return a tennis serve: A visual information processing approach. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 382-398.10.1123\/jsep.11.4.382","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.11.4.382"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_023_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grant, E. R., & Spivey, M. J. (2003). Eye movements and problem solving guiding attention guides thought. Psychological Science, 14, 462-466.10.1111\/1467-9280.0245412930477","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.02454"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_024_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Green, H. J., Lemaire, P., & Dufau, S. (2007). Eye movement correlates of younger and older adults\u2019 strategies for complex addition. Acta Psychologica, 125, 257-278.10.1016\/j.actpsy.2006.08.00117007804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2006.08.001"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_025_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac25Aa","unstructured":"Grushko, A., Leonov, S., & Veraksa, A. (2015). Eye-tracking in sport psychology. In E.S. Linton (Ed.). Advances in Sports Research (pp. 61-80). New York: Nova science publishers."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_026_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hannula, D. E., Althoff, R. R., Warren, D. E., Riggs, L., Cohen, N. J., Ryan, J. D. (2010). Worth a glance: using eye movements to investigate the cognitive neuroscience of memory. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4, 166.10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00166299599721151363","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00166"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_027_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac27Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harle, S. K., & Vickers, J. N. (2001). Training quiet eye improves accuracy in the basketball free-throw. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 289-305.10.1123\/tsp.15.3.289","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.15.3.289"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_028_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac28Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodges, N. J., Starkes, J. L., & MacMahon, C. (2006). Expert performance in sport: a cognitive perspective. In: K. A. Ericsson, N. Charness, P. J. Feltovich, R. R. Hoffman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance (pp. 471-488). Nueva York: Cambridge University Press.10.1017\/CBO9780511816796.027","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511816796.027"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_029_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac29Aa","unstructured":"Holmqvist, K., Zemblys, R., Cleveland, D., Mulvey, F., Borah, B., & Pelz, J. (2015). The effect of sample selection methods on data quality measures and on predictors for data quality. Paper presented at the European Conference on Eye Movements, Vienna."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_030_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac30Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00fcttermann, S., & Memmert, D. (2017). The attention window: A narrative review of limitations and opportunities influencing the focus of attention. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 88, 169-183.10.1080\/02701367.2017.129322828332919","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2017.1293228"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_031_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac31Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kredel, R., Vater, C., Klostermann, A., & Hossner, E. J. (2017). Eye-tracking technology and the dynamics of natural gaze behavior in sports: A systematic review of 40 years of research. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1845.10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01845565109029089918","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01845"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_032_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac32Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fcnzell, S., Schweikart, F., K\u00f6hn, D., & Schl\u00e4ppi-Lienhard, O. (2014). Effectiveness of the call in beach volleyball attacking play. Journal of Human Kinetics, 44, 183-191.10.2478\/hukin-2014-0124432736925713679","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2014-0124"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_033_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac33Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Land, M. F. (2009). Vision, eye movements, and natural behaviour. Visual Neuroscience, 26, 51-62.10.1017\/S095252380808089919203425","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523808080899"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_034_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac34Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Land, M. F., & McLeod, P. (2000). From eye movements to actions: how batsmen hit the ball. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 1340-1345.10.1038\/8188711100157","DOI":"10.1038\/81887"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_035_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac35Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laurent, E., Ward, P., Williams, A. M., & Ripoll, H. (2006). Expertise in basketball modifies perceptual discrimination abilities, underlying cognitive processes, and visual behaviours. Visual Cognition, 13, 247-271.10.1080\/13506280544000020","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280544000020"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_036_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac36Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luna, B., Velanova, K., & Geier, C. F. (2008). Development of eye-movement control. Brain and Cognition, 68, 293-308.10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.08.019273168618938009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.08.019"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_037_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac37Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magill, R. A. (1998). Knowledge is more than we can talk about: Implicit learning in motor skill acquisition. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 69, 104-110.10.1080\/02701367.1998.106076769635325","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1998.10607676"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_038_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac38Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mann, D. T. Y., Williams, A. M., Ward, P., & Janelle, C. M. (2007). Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 457-478.10.1123\/jsep.29.4.45717968048","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.29.4.457"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_039_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac39Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martell, S. G., & Vickers J. N. (2004). Gaze characteristics of elite and near-elite athletes in ice hockey defensive tactics. Human Movement Science, 22, 689-712.10.1016\/j.humov.2004.02.00415063049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2004.02.004"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_040_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac40Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6, e1000097.10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097270759919621072","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_041_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac41Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munoz, D. P., & Everling, S. (2004). Look away: The anti-saccade task and the voluntary control of eye movement. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 218-228.10.1038\/nrn134514976521","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1345"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_042_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac42Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakashima, R., & Kumada, T. (2017). The whereabouts of visual attention: Involuntary attentional bias toward the default gaze direction. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 79, 1666-1673.10.3758\/s13414-017-1332-728500508","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-017-1332-7"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_043_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac43Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niehorster, D. C., Cornelissen, T. H. W., Holmqvist, K., Hooge, I. T. C., & Hessels, R. S. (2018). What to expect from your remote eye-tracker when participants are unrestrained. Behavior Research Methods, 50, 213-227.10.3758\/s13428-017-0863-0580953528205131","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0863-0"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_044_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac44Aa","unstructured":"No\u00ebl, B., & van der Kamp, J. (2012). Gaze behaviour during the soccer penalty kick: An investigation of the effects of strategy and anxiety. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 43, 326-345."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_045_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac45Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orquin, J. L., & Holmqvist, K. (2018). Threats to the validity of eye-movement research in psychology. Behavior Research Methods, 50, 1645-1656.10.3758\/s13428-017-0998-z29218588","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0998-z"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_046_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac46Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orquin, J. L., & Mueller Loose, S. (2013). Attention and choice: A review on eye movements in decision making. Acta Psychologica, 144, 190-206.10.1016\/j.actpsy.2013.06.00323845447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2013.06.003"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_047_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac47Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orquin, J. L., Ashby, N. J. S., & Clarke, A. D. F. (2016). Areas of interest as a signal detection problem in behavioral eye-tracking research. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 29, 103-115.10.1002\/bdm.1867","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.1867"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_048_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac48Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panchuk, D., Vine, S. J., & Vickers, J. N. (2015). Eye tracking methods in sport expertise. In: J. Baker, D. Farrow (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport expertise (pp. 176-187). Hoboken: Routledge.10.4324\/9781315776675-16","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315776675-16"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_049_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac49Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piras, A., Pierantozzi, E., & Squatrito, S. (2014). Visual search strategy in judo fighters during the execution of the first grip. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 9, 185-197.10.1260\/1747-9541.9.1.185","DOI":"10.1260\/1747-9541.9.1.185"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_050_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac50Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poulton, E. C. (1957). On prediction in skilled movements. Psychological Bulletin, 54, 467-478.10.1037\/h004551513485273","DOI":"10.1037\/h0045515"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_051_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac51Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reingold, E. M. (2014). Eye tracking research and technology: Towards objective measurement of data quality. Visual Cognition, 22, 635-652.10.1080\/13506285.2013.876481399654324771998","DOI":"10.1080\/13506285.2013.876481"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_052_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac52Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, S. T., Vickers, J. N., & Williams, A. M. (2002). Head, eye and arm coordination in table tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 187-200.10.1080\/02640410231728475411999475","DOI":"10.1080\/026404102317284754"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_053_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac53Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryu, D., Kim, S., Abernethy, B., & Mann, D. L. (2013). Guiding attention aids the acquisition of anticipatory skill in novice soccer goalkeepers. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 84, 252-262.10.1080\/02701367.2013.78484323930552","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2013.784843"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_054_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac54Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandelowski, M., Docherty, S., & Emden, C. (1997). Focus on qualitative methods qualitative metasynthesis: Issues and techniques. Research in Nursing & Health, 20, 365-371.10.1002\/(SICI)1098-240X(199708)20:4<365::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-E","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-240X(199708)20:4<365::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_055_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac55Aa","unstructured":"Savelsbergh, G. J. P., van Gastel, P. J., & van Kampen, P. M. (2010). Anticipation of penalty kicking direction can be improved by directing attention through perceptual learning. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 41, 24-41."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_056_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac56Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savelsbergh, G. J. P., Williams, A. M., Van der Kamp, J., & Ward P. (2002). Visual search, anticipation and expertise in soccer goalkeepers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 279-287.10.1080\/026404102317284826","DOI":"10.1080\/026404102317284826"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_057_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac57Aa","unstructured":"Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M., Fiedler, S., Renkewitz, F., & Orquin, J. L. (2017). Reporting standards in eye-tracking research. In M. Schulte-Mecklenbeck, A. K\u00fchberger, & J. Johnson (Eds.), A handbook of process tracing methods. New York: Routledge."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_058_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac58Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schweizer, G., & Furley, P. (2016). Reproducible research in sport and exercise psychology: The role of sample sizes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 23, 114-122.10.1016\/j.psychsport.2015.11.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2015.11.005"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_059_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac59Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shepherd, M, Findlay, J. M., & Hockey, R. J. (1986). The relationship between eye movements and spatial attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 475-491.10.1080\/14640748608401609","DOI":"10.1080\/14640748608401609"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_060_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac60Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer, R. N., Williams, A. M., Frehlich, S. G., Janelle, C. M., Radlo, S. J., Barba, D. A., & Bouchard, L. J. (1998). New frontiers in visual search: An exploratory study in live tennis situations. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 69, 290-296.10.1080\/02701367.1998.10607696","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1998.10607696"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_061_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac61Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swann, C., Moran, A., & Piggott, D. (2015). Defining elite athletes: Issues in the study of expert performance in sport psychology. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 3-14.10.1016\/j.psychsport.2014.07.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2014.07.004"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_062_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac62Aa","unstructured":"Vickers, J. N. (2007). Gaze control to a single fixed target. In: J.N. Vickers (Ed.), Perception, cognition, decision training: The quiet eye in action (pp. 75-96), Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_063_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac63Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vickers, J. N., & Williams, A. M. (2007). Performing under pressure: the effects of physiological arousal, cognitive anxiety, and gaze control in biathlon. Journal of Motor Behavior, 39, 381-394.10.3200\/JMBR.39.5.381-394","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.39.5.381-394"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_064_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac64Aa","unstructured":"Vickers, J. N., Causer, J., Stuart, M., Little, E., Dukelow, S., LeVangie, M., Nigg, S.,"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_065_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac65Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arsenault, G., Morton, B., Scott, M., & Emery, C. (2017). Effect of the look-up line on the gaze and head orientation of elite ice hockey players. European Journal of Sport Science, 17, 109-117.10.1080\/17461391.2016.1220627","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1220627"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_066_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac66Aa","unstructured":"Vickers, J. N., Rodrigues, S. T., & Edworthy, G. (2000). Quiet eye and accuracy in the dart throw. International Journal of Sports Vision, 6, 30-36."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_067_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac67Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voss, M., Kramer, A. F., Prakash, R. S., Roberts, B., & Basak, C. (2010). Are expert athletes \u201cexpert\u201d in the cognitive laboratory? A meta-analytic review of basic attention and perception in sport expertise. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24, 812-826.10.1002\/acp.1588","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1588"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_068_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac68Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams, A. M., & Abernethy, B. (2012). Anticipation and decision-making: Skills, methods, and measures. In G. Tenenbaum, R. Eklund & A. Kamata (Eds.). Measurement in sport and exercise psychology (pp.191-202). Champaign: Human Kinetics.10.5040\/9781492596332.ch-018","DOI":"10.5040\/9781492596332.ch-018"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_069_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac69Aa","unstructured":"Williams, A. M., Davids, K., & Williams, J. G. (1999). Visual perception and action in sport. London: E & F.N Spon."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_070_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac70Aa","unstructured":"Williams, A.M., Davids, K., Burwitz, L., & Williams, J.G. (1993). Visual search and sports performance. The Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 25, 147-204."},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_071_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac71Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, G., & Wilson, M. R. (2011). Quiet-eye training for soccer penalty kicks. Cognitive Processing, 12, 257-266.10.1007\/s10339-011-0393-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-011-0393-0"},{"key":"2026042808573714988_j_ijcss-2018-0011_ref_072_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ac72Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright, D. L., Pleasants, F., & Gomez-Meza, M. (1990). Use of advanced visual cue sources in volleyball. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12, 406-414.10.1123\/jsep.12.4.40628796963","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.12.4.406"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Science in Sport"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/ijcss\/17\/2\/article-p182.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/ijcss-2018-0011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:16:15Z","timestamp":1777396575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/ijcss-2018-0011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/ijcss-2018-0011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/ijcss-2018-0011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1684-4769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1684-4769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]}}}