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By model calibration, parameters are adapted to the subject\u2019s individual physical response to training load. Although the simulation of the recorded training data in most cases shows useful results when the model is calibrated and all parameters are adjusted, this method has two major difficulties. First, a fitted value as basic performance will usually be too high. Second, without modification, the model cannot be simply used for prediction. By rewriting the FF-Model such that effects of former training history can be analyzed separately \u2013 we call those terms preload \u2013 it is possible to close the gap between a more realistic initial performance level and an athlete's actual performance level without distorting other model parameters and increase model accuracy substantially. Fitting error of the preload-extended FF-Model is less than 32% compared to the error of the FF-Model without preloads. Prediction error of the preload-extended FF-Model is around 54% of the error of the FF-Model without preloads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/ijcss-2019-0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T09:30:51Z","timestamp":1566466251000},"page":"115-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Including the Past: Performance Modeling Using a Preload Concept by Means of the Fitness-Fatigue Model"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Melanie","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Sciences , University o.a.S. Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg , St. Augustin , Germany"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Asteroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Sciences , University o.a.S. Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg , St. Augustin , Germany"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Rasche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theory and Practical Performance in Sports , Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theory and Practical Performance in Sports , Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020122581060024_j_ijcss-2019-0007_ref_001_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ab1Aa","unstructured":"Banister, E., Calvert, T., Savage, M., & Bach, T. (1975). A systems model of training for athletic performance. Aust J Sports Med, 7(3), 57\u201361."},{"key":"2025020122581060024_j_ijcss-2019-0007_ref_002_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab1ab2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Busso, T. (2003). 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