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We introduce TAD++, a dual-path distillation framework that combines heterogeneous Teacher\u2013Assistant\u2013Student (T\u2013A\u2013S) guidance with a pseudo-defect inverse-distillation branch. A compact assistant, structurally distinct from the teacher, is trained to co-distill the student, thereby mitigating single-teacher bias. In parallel, the inverse-distillation path tasks the student with reconstructing normal appearances from defect-injected inputs, serving as a regularization term to prevent anomaly leakage. A dynamic attention weighting module adaptively fuses these heterogeneous guidance signals. Crucially, the assistant, inverse branch, and weight modules are strictly training-only. This design ensures that while TAD++ benefits from a rigorous multi-phase optimization, it maintains zero additional inference latency and memory overhead compared to standard T\u2013S baselines. On MVTec AD, BTAD, and VisA, TAD++ achieves consistent improvements in both image-level detection and pixel-level localization, with extensive ablations confirming the efficacy of the heterogeneous dual-path design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/jaiscr-2026-0014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T08:56:30Z","timestamp":1772528190000},"page":"275-291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inverse Meets Distillation: Heterogeneous Teacher\u2013Assistant Dual-Path Learning for Unsupervised Defect Detection"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4909-5720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China ; Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Intelligent Control System and Intelligent Equipment, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , Hebei , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1032-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaqian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China ; Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Intelligent Control System and Intelligent Equipment, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , Hebei , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4838-9710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruihao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China ; Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Intelligent Control System and Intelligent Equipment, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , Hebei , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3802-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China ; Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Intelligent Control System and Intelligent Equipment, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , Hebei , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0310-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China ; Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Intelligent Control System and Intelligent Equipment, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , Hebei , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060111050635993_j_jaiscr-2026-0014_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. 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