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While this concept has been extensively studied in the context of single-objective optimization, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of its extension to multi-objective optimization problems. The results demonstrate that this enhanced pheromone representation remains effective in multi-objective settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/jaiscr-2026-0022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:59:27Z","timestamp":1783007967000},"page":"19-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of Multidimensional ACO Pheromone for Multi-Objective Optimization"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0813-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazyna","family":"Starzec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science , AGH University of Krakow , al. 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