{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T07:02:45Z","timestamp":1770102165936,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aim to extend our investigations related to the Relative Intensity of Collaboration (RIC) indicator, by constructing a confidence interval for the obtained values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We use Mantel-Haenszel statistics as applied recently by Smolinsky, Klingenberg, and Marx.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We obtain confidence intervals for the RIC indicator<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is not obvious that data obtained from the Web of Science (or any other database) can be considered a random sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We explain how to calculate confidence intervals. Bibliometric indicators are more often than not presented as precise values instead of an approximation depending on the database and the time of measurement. Our approach presents a suggestion to solve this problem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our approach combines the statistics of binary categorical data and bibliometric studies of collaboration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/jdis-2022-0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T15:16:41Z","timestamp":1666192601000},"page":"5-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Confidence Intervals for Relative Intensity of Collaboration (RIC) Indicators"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Joel Emanuel","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wuppertal , Gau\u00dfstr. 20 , Wuppertal , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Smolinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University , Department of Mathematics , Baton Rouge , Los Angeles , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3252-2538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp , Faculty of Social Sciences , Middelheimlaan 1 , Antwerp , Belgium"},{"name":"KU Leuven , Facultair Onderzoekscentrum ECOOM , Naamsestraat 61 , Leuven , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020218324519362_j_jdis-2022-0021_ref_001","unstructured":"Agresti, A. (2019). An introduction to categorical data analysis (3rd. ed.). Hoboken (NJ, USA): Wiley."},{"key":"2026020218324519362_j_jdis-2022-0021_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bornmann, M., & Haunschild, R. (2018). Normalization of zero-inflated data: An empirical analysis of a new indicator family and its use with altmetrics data. Journal of Informetrics, 12(3), 998\u20131011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2018.01.010"},{"key":"2026020218324519362_j_jdis-2022-0021_ref_003","unstructured":"Clarivate (2022, July 07). Web of Science. https:\/\/www.webofscience.com\/wos."},{"key":"2026020218324519362_j_jdis-2022-0021_ref_004","unstructured":"Fuchs, J.E., & Rousseau, R. (2021). How to calculate the relative intensity of collaboration (RIC) for countries from Web of Science data. ISSI Newsletter, #67, 17(3), 24\u201329."},{"key":"2026020218324519362_j_jdis-2022-0021_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuchs, J.E., Sivertsen, G., & Rousseau, R. (2021). 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