{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T09:11:33Z","timestamp":1770369093395,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695340800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of retracted papers from Chinese university-affiliated hospitals is increasing, which has raised much concern. The aim of this study is to analyze the retracted papers from university-affiliated hospitals in mainland China from 2000 to 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data for 1,031 retracted papers were identified from the Web of Science Core collection database. The information of the hospitals involved was obtained from their official websites. We analyzed the chronological changes, journal distribution, discipline distribution and retraction reasons for the retracted papers. The grade and geographic locations of the hospitals involved were explored as well.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found a rapid increase in the number of retracted papers, while the retraction time interval is decreasing. The main reasons for retraction are plagiarism\/self-plagiarism (n=255), invalid data\/images\/conclusions (n=212), fake peer review (n=175) and honesty error(n=163). The disciplines are mainly distributed in oncology (n=320), pharmacology &amp; pharmacy (n=198) and research &amp; experimental medicine (n=166). About 43.8% of the retracted papers were from hospitals affiliated with prestigious universities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study fails to differentiate between retractions due to honest error and retractions due to research misconduct. We believe that there is a fundamental difference between honest error retractions and misconduct retractions. Another limitation is that authors of the retracted papers have not been analyzed in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a reference for addressing research misconduct in Chinese university-affiliated hospitals. It is our recommendation that universities and hospitals should educate all their staff about the basic norms of research integrity, punish authors of scientific misconduct retracted papers, and reform the unreasonable evaluation system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the analysis of retracted papers, this study further analyzes the characteristics of institutions of retracted papers, which may deepen the research on retracted papers and provide a new perspective to understand the retraction phenomenon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/jdis-2023-0022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T13:22:30Z","timestamp":1695388950000},"page":"84-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Research misconduct in hospitals is spreading: A bibliometric analysis of retracted papers from Chinese university-affiliated hospitals"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5114-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zi-han","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Library of Capital Normal University , No.83 xisanhuan north road, Haidian District , Beijing , China"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Information \/ Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , No.69 Dongdan Bei Street, Dongcheng District , Beijing , China"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020518335381644_j_jdis-2023-0022_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brainard, J. (2018). Rethinking Retractions. Science, 362(6413), 390\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.362.6413.390","DOI":"10.1126\/science.362.6413.390"},{"key":"2026020518335381644_j_jdis-2023-0022_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, S. J., Bakker, C. J., & Theis-Mahon, N. R. (2022). Retracted publications in pharmacy systematic reviews. Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA, 110(1), 47\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5195\/jmla.2022.1280","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2022.1280"},{"key":"2026020518335381644_j_jdis-2023-0022_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chunbo, Z., Kun, D., & Zeyuan, L. (2019, 2019\/12). Informetric Analysis on the International Retracted Publication Based on the Web of Science Database. 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Plos Medicine, 10(12), 6, Article e1001563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001563","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001563"},{"key":"2026020518335381644_j_jdis-2023-0022_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fanelli, D. (2014). Rise in retractions is a signal of integrity. Nature, 509(7498), 33\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/509033a","DOI":"10.1038\/509033a"},{"key":"2026020518335381644_j_jdis-2023-0022_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gholampour, B., Gholampour, S., Noruzi, A., Arsenault, C., Haertle, T., & Saboury, A. A. (2022). Retracted articles in oncology in the last three decades: frequency, reasons, and themes. Scientometrics, 127(4), 1841\u20131865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-022-04305-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-022-04305-w"},{"key":"2026020518335381644_j_jdis-2023-0022_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grieneisen, M. L., & Zhang, M. H. (2012). A Comprehensive Survey of Retracted Articles from the Scholarly Literature. Plos One, 7(10), 15, Article e44118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0044118","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044118"},{"key":"2026020518335381644_j_jdis-2023-0022_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halevi, G. (2020). Why Articles in Arts and Humanities Are Being Retracted? Publishing Research Quarterly, 36(1), 55\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12109-019-09699-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12109-019-09699-9"},{"key":"2026020518335381644_j_jdis-2023-0022_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, H., Gupta, P., Zimba, O., & Gupta, L. (2022). Bibliometric and Altmetric Analysis of Retracted Articles on COVID-19. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 37(6), 11, Article e44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2022.37.e44","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2022.37.e44"},{"key":"2026020518335381644_j_jdis-2023-0022_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G. W., Kamel, M., Jin, Y. L., Xu, M. K., Mbuagbaw, L., Samaan, Z., Levine, M. A. H., & Thabane, L. (2018). Exploring the characteristics, global distribution and reasons for retraction of published articles involving human research participants: a literature survey. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 11, 39\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/jmdh.s151745","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S151745"},{"key":"2026020518335381644_j_jdis-2023-0022_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majumder, P. D., Raman, R., Krishnan, T., & George, R. (2021). Analysis of retracted articles in the ophthalmic literature. Eye, 35(12), 3384\u20133388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-021-01438-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01438-9"},{"key":"2026020518335381644_j_jdis-2023-0022_ref_016","unstructured":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People\u2019s Republic of China. (2022). 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