{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T11:25:40Z","timestamp":1778498740395,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium Advisory Board","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through voice characteristics and manner of expression, even seemingly benign voice recordings can reveal sensitive attributes about a recorded speaker (e. g., geographical origin, health status, personality). We conducted a nationally representative survey in the UK (n = 683, 18\u201369 years) to investigate people\u2019s awareness about the inferential power of voice and speech analysis. Our results show that \u2013 while awareness levels vary between different categories of inferred information \u2013 there is generally low awareness across all participant demographics, even among participants with professional experience in computer science, data mining, and IT security. For instance, only 18.7% of participants are at least somewhat aware that physical and mental health information can be inferred from voice recordings. Many participants have rarely (28.4%) or never (42.5%) even thought about the possibility of personal information being inferred from speech data. After a short educational video on the topic, participants express only moderate privacy concern. However, based on an analysis of open text responses, unconcerned reactions seem to be largely explained by knowledge gaps about possible data misuses. Watching the educational video lowered participants\u2019 intention to use voice-enabled devices. In discussing the regulatory implications of our findings, we challenge the notion of \u201cinformed consent\u201d to data processing. We also argue that inferences about individuals need to be legally recognized as personal data and protected accordingly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2022-0002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T02:40:54Z","timestamp":1637462454000},"page":"6-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Personal information inference from voice recordings: User awareness and privacy concerns"],"prefix":"10.56553","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Jacob Leon","family":"Kr\u00f6ger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society , Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Gellrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Potsdam , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe Universit\u00e4t , Frankfurt , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saba Rebecca","family":"Brause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society , TU Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Ullrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society , TU Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"35752","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022062314372115502_j_popets-2022-0002_ref_001","unstructured":"[1] Shimaa Ahmed, Amrita Roy Chowdhury, Kassem Fawaz, and Parmesh Ramanathan. 2020. 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