{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:13:36Z","timestamp":1785575616671,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are caused by microbial invasion of healthy or damaged skin. SSTIs are difficult to manage and contribute to chronicity and emergence of antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To ascertain the prevalence of bacteria causing SSTIs and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective study between November 2020 and May 2021. A total of 447 samples from SSTIs were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 347 samples revealed mono-bacterial growth, of which 67% were male. SSTIs are common among patients aged 21\u201350 years with the dominance (78%) of gram-negative rods (GNRs).\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (36%),\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. (22%),\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (16%), and\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (11%) were predominant organisms. GNRs were highly resistant (&gt;65%) to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole. For injectable antibiotics, the highest resistance was determined against ceftriaxone, and the least resistance was determined against amikacin. Resistance against carbapenem was the highest among\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (53%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. (32%).\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed the highest resistance against ciprofloxacin, and the least resistance was determined against clindamycin. Of 57\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates, 86% isolates were methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA). All isolates of\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were sensitive to polymyxin B and vancomycin, respectively. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. was higher among deep-seated SSTIs (dSSTIs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The predominant etiology of SSTIs is GNR. Currently, there is very high resistance against oral antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance against carbapenem has also increased. Moreover, there is a high frequency of MRSA. MDR\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. isolates are frequently involved in dSSTIs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/abm-2023-0045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T16:22:28Z","timestamp":1694881348000},"page":"55-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile of superficial and deep-seated skin and soft tissue infections"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rao Muhammad","family":"Abid Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology , Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil Kumar","family":"Dodani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases , Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology , Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology , Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirza Naqi","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry , Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042708192117639_j_abm-2023-0045_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014; 59:e10\u201352.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu296"},{"key":"2026042708192117639_j_abm-2023-0045_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silverberg B. A structured approach to skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in an ambulatory setting. Clin Pract. 2021; 11:65\u201374.","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract11010011"},{"key":"2026042708192117639_j_abm-2023-0045_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alabi A, Kazimoto T, Lebughe M, Vubil D, Phaku P, Mandomando I, et al. Management of superficial and deep-seated Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a post hoc analysis of the StaphNet cohort. 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