{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:55:15Z","timestamp":1781538915127,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite widespread favipiravir (FPV) use for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Thailand, pediatric clinical evidence remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated FPV\u2019s effectiveness and safety for treating COVID-19 in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study included patients \u226418 years old testing COVID-19 positive between July 2021 and December 2022 across 11 hospitals in Thailand. Patients were divided into those with and without chest X-ray-confirmed pneumonia. Patients who received FPV were treated with 35 mg\/kg twice daily on day 1 and 15 mg\/kg twice daily on days 2\u20135. Pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling estimated plasma exposure in children using scaled Thai adult data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2,999 patients, 68.2% had no pneumonia. FPV recipients (n = 1,886) were mostly &lt;5 years old, had a fever, infected during the Omicron wave, had lower mean cycle threshold (Ct) values of SARS-CoV-2 gene at diagnosis, and hospitalized compared to non-recipients. FPV treatment significantly shortened fever duration and hospitalization in both pneumonia and non-pneumonia patients. For non-pneumonia patients, being &lt;5 years old, and receiving FPV were associated with complete recovery at discharge. For pneumonia patients, a history of preterm birth, pulmonary disease, and ICU admission reduced the likelihood of complete recovery at discharge. No serious adverse events were reported. PK models predicted that FPV plasma trough concentrations in children \u226510 kg were above efficacy targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early FPV treatment shortened fever duration and hospital stays in children and adolescents with COVID-19, promoting clinical recovery in both pneumonia and non-pneumonia cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/abm-2026-0011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T13:20:47Z","timestamp":1781529647000},"page":"96-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Favipiravir treatment in Thai children with COVID-19: effectiveness, safety, and modeling drug exposure"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sujittra","family":"Chaisavaneeyakorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nopporn","family":"Apiwattanakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chonnamet","family":"Techasaensiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattakarn","family":"Tantawarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bandit","family":"Thinkhamrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supattra","family":"Rungmaitree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siriporn","family":"Phongjitsiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital , Bangkok , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tavitiya","family":"Sudjaritruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suvaporn","family":"Anugulruengkitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pope","family":"Kosalaraksa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thirapa","family":"Nivesvivat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital , Bangkok , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puttichart","family":"Khantee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pornumpa","family":"Bunjoungmanee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University , Pathum Thani 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