{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:06:11Z","timestamp":1789787171224,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dry eye disease (DED) is an ocular condition characterized by altered tear film homeostasis, resulting in symptoms like tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities. It affects visual acuity and quality of life and is influenced by age, gender, and environmental factors. The first line of treatment consists of dynamically developing artificial tears, gels, and eyelid sprays, which can be supplemented with natural ingredients for enhanced efficacy. Other therapeutic steps include auto-logous serum tears, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive eyedrops, or oral tablets. Management also targets Meibomian gland dysfunction and the ocular surface micro-biome. This article explores various therapeutic approaches, including natural compounds and complementary strategies. Natural compounds, such as vitamins, and herbal substances (\n                    <jats:italic>e.g<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., trehalose), offer promising benefits in enhancing tear film stability and ocular surface protection. Apitherapeutic products like manuka honey and propolis exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, human tissue-derived solutions, such as auto-logous serum tears and amniotic membrane extracts, hold the potential for ocular surface regeneration. Other strategies, including polyherbal eye drops, liposomal eyelid sprays, and microbiome-supporting solutions offer alternative therapeutic avenues. Moreover, patient education, lifestyle modifications, and interdisciplinary collaboration play crucial roles in DED management, emphasizing the importance of holistic care approaches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/acph-2024-0028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T04:03:45Z","timestamp":1726459425000},"page":"383-404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Exploring novel pharmacological trends: Natural compounds in dry eye disease management"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7652-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibor","family":"R\u00e1k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy University of P\u00e9cs , P\u00e9cs , Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School \u2013 Clinical Centre , University of P\u00e9cs , P\u00e9cs , Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7821-2412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienne","family":"Csutak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School \u2013 Clinical Centre , University of P\u00e9cs , P\u00e9cs , Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. T\u00f3th, E. Szalai, T. R\u00e1k, V. Lillik, A. Nagy and A. Csutak, Reliability and clinical applicability of a novel tear film imaging tool, Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 259 (2021) 1935\u20131943; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00417-021-05162-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05162-8"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Berta, E. T\u00f3th-Moln\u00e1r and A. Csutak, [New international consensus statement about the definition, classification, ethiology, diagnostics and therapy of dry eye (TFOS DEWS II)], Orv. Hetil. 159 (2018) 775\u2013785; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/650.2018.31077","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2018.31077"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. M\u00f3dis and I. S\u00fcveges, Allergic and immunopathological diseases of the ocular surface [A szemfelsz\u00edn allergi\u00e1s \u00e9s immunpatol\u00f3giai betegs\u00e9gei], Orv. Hetil. 164 (2023) 1686\u20131692; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/650.2023.32910","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2023.32910"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Heydari, M. Kalani, Y. Ghasemi and M. Nejabat, The effect of ophthalmic and systemic formulations of Latilactobacillus sakei on clinical and immunological outcomes of patients with dry eye disease: a factorial, randomized, placebo-controlled, and triple-masking clinical trial, Probiotics Anti-microb. Proteins 16 (2024) 1026\u20131035; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-023-10079-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-023-10079-1"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Barabino, M. Labetoulle, M. Rolando and E. M. Messmer, Understanding symptoms and quality of life in patients with dry eye syndrome, Ocul. Surf. 14 (2016) 365\u2013376; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JTOS.2016.04.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.04.005"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. A. Aljuhani, R. Afandi, A. A. Alkayyal, J. Alharbi, A. S. Alharbi, M. Alsaedi and H. Alhujaili, Complementary and alternative medicine use among patients with dry eye syndrome in Saudi Arabia: A survey study, Clin. Ophthalmol. 17 (2023) 3207\u20133213; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S435346","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S435346"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. R\u00e1k and A. Csutak, Complementary practices in pharmacy and their relation to glaucoma\u2013Classification, definitions, and limitations, Sci. Pharm. 92(1) (2024) Article ID 16 (17 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/SCIPHARM92010016","DOI":"10.3390\/scipharm92010016"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Z\u00f6rg\u0151, G. Purebl and \u00c1. Zana, Factors determining selection of treatment options oriented towards complementary and alternative medicine [A komplementer \u00e9s alternat\u00edv medicina fel\u00e9 orient\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00f3 ter\u00e1piav\u00e1laszt\u00e1st meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 t\u00e9nyez\u0151k], Orv. Hetil. 157 (2016) 584\u2013592; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/650.2016.30402","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2016.30402"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_009","unstructured":"A. Csutak, The Role of Tear and Corneal Biomarkers in The Early Diagnosis of Ophthalmic and Systemic Diseases [K\u00f6nny \u00e9s cornealis biomarkerek szerepe szem\u00e9szeti \u00e9s sziszt\u00e9m\u00e1s betegs\u00e9gek korai diagnosztik\u00e1j\u00e1ban], postdoctoral thesis, University of P\u00e9cs, 2021."},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Yagci and C. Gurdal, The role and treatment of inflammation in dry eye disease, Int. Ophthalmol. 34 (2014) 1291\u20131301; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10792-014-9969-X\/FIGURES\/1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-014-9969-x"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Essa, D. Laughton and J. S. Wolffsohn, Can the optimum artificial tear treatment for dry eye disease be predicted from presenting signs and symptoms?, Contact Lens Anterior Eye 41 (2018) 60\u201368; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CLAE.2017.07.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.07.007"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Moshirfar, K. Pierson, K. Hanamaikai, L. Santiago-Caban, V. Muthappan and S. F. Passi, Artificial tears potpourri: a literature review, Clin. Ophthalmol. 8 (2014) 1419\u20131433; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S65263","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S65263"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Agarwal, J. P. Craig and I. D. Rupenthal, Formulation considerations for the management of dry eye disease, Pharmaceutics 13(2) (2021) Article ID 207 (19 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PHARMACEUTICS13020207","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13020207"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Jones, L. E. Downie, D. Korb, J. M. Benitez-del-Castillo, R. Dana, S. X. Deng, P. N. Dong, G. Geerling, R. Y. Hida, Y. Liu, K. Y. Seo, J. Tauber, T. H. Wakamatsu, J. Xu, J. S. Wolffsohn and J. P. Craig, TFOS DEWS II management and therapy report, Ocul. Surf. 15 (2017) 575\u2013628; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JTOS.2017.05.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.006"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Heidinger, A. Kompek, K. Ardjomand-Woelkart, M. Bornik, A. Wedrich and O. Schmut, Euphrasia spp. as a natural stabilizer of hyaluronic acid \u2013 A step closer to physiological human tear fluids?, Planta Med. 81 (2015) PM_127; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/S-0035-1565504","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1565504"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Sabur and M. Acar, Dexpanthenol\/sodium hyaluronate eye drops for corneal epithelial healing following corneal cross-linking in patients with keratoconus, Int. Ophthalmol. 43 (2023) 3461\u20133469; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10792-023-02751-W\/FIGURES\/4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-023-02751-w"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_017","unstructured":"I. A. Makarov, G. S. Polunin, V. V. Kurenkov, A. O. Zabegaylo, T. N. Safonova, A. V. Zhemchugova, A. Alieva and E. G. Polunina, \u042d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0435\u0444\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044a\u044e\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430. [Efficacy of physiotherapy and hygienic procedures in treatment of adults and children with chronic blepharitis and dry eye syndrome], Vestn. Oftalmol. 129 (2013) 68\u201370, 72; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18008\/1816-5095-2012-2-65-71"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Y. Hyon and S. B. Han, Dry eye disease and vitamins: A narrative literature review, Appl. Sci. 12(9) (2022) Article ID 4567 (11 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/APP12094567","DOI":"10.3390\/app12094567"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. C. Sandford, A. Muntz and J. P. Craig, Therapeutic potential of castor oil in managing blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye, Clin. Exp. Optom. 104 (2021) 315\u2013322; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CXO.13148","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.13148"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Mencucci, E. Favuzza, G. Decandia, M. Cennamo and F. Giansanti, Hyaluronic acid\/trehalose ophthalmic solution in reducing post-cataract surgery dry eye signs and symptoms: A prospective, interventional, randomized, open-label study, J. Clin. Med. 10(20) (2021) Article ID 4699 (9 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JCM10204699","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10204699"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Laihia and K. Kaarniranta, Trehalose for ocular surface health, Biomololecules 10(5) (2020) Article ID 809 (24 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/BIOM10050809","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10050809"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Aragona, G. Giannaccare, R. Mencucci, P. Rubino, E. Cantera and M. Rolando, Modern approach to the treatment of dry eye, a complex multifactorial disease: A P.I.C.A.S.S.O. board review, Br. J. Ophthalmol. 105 (2021) 446\u2013453; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BJOPHTHALMOL-2019-315747","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315747"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_023","unstructured":"J. A. M. Smith, L. Izquierdo, M. G. Hadid, C. Maldonado, J. A. Chauca and M. Henriquez, Clinical, cytological and biochemical results of the adjuvant treatment of freeze-dried Aloe vera gel and drops in patients with evaporative dry eye disease, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 59 (2018) 949\u2013949."},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Amen, M. Elsbaey, A. Othman, M. Sallam and K. Shimizu, Naturally occurring chromone glyco-sides: Sources, bioactivities, and spectroscopic features, Molecules 26 (2021) Article ID 7646 (65 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES26247646","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26247646"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Paduch, A. Wo\u017aniak, P. Niedziela and R. Rejdak, Assessment of eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis L.) extract activity in relation to human corneal cells using in vitro tests, Balkan Med. J. 31(1) (2014) 29\u201336; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/BALKANMEDJ.2014.8377","DOI":"10.5152\/balkanmedj.2014.8377"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_026","unstructured":"N. Haji-Ali-Nili, F. Khoshzaban, M. Karimi, R. Roja, E. Ashrafi, R. Ghaffari, A. Ghobadi and M. J. Behrouz, Effect of a natural eye drop, made of Plantago ovata mucilage on improvement of dry eye symptoms: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial, Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 18(3) (2019) 1602\u20131611; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22037\/ijpr.2019.1100717"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Abate, R. K. Bachheti, M. G. Tadesse and A. Bachheti, Ethnobotanical uses, chemical constituents, and application of Plantago lanceolata L., J. Chem. 2022 (2022) Article ID 1532031 (17 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/1532031","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1532031"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. M. El-Ganiny, G. H. Shaker, A. A. Aboelazm and H. A. El-Dash, Prevention of bacterial biofilm formation on soft contact lenses using natural compounds, J. Ophthalmic Inflamm. Infect. 7 (2017) Article ID 11 (7 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12348-017-0129-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-017-0129-0"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. A. Basile, G. Mandelli, M. Cendali and R. Hufnagel, The lubricating effect of eye drops containing hyaluronic acid and mallow extract in patients with dry eye disease \u2013 A pilot study, Medicina 59(5) (2023) Article ID 958 (13 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MEDICINA59050958","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050958"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. C. Gasparetto, C. A. F. Martins, S. S. Hayashi, M. F. Otuky and R. Pontarolo, Ethnobotanical and scientific aspects of Malva sylvestris L.: a millennial herbal medicine, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 64(2) (2012) 172\u2013189; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.2042-7158.2011.01383.X","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2011.01383.x"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Areesanan, S. Nicolay, M. Keller, A. M. Zimmermann-Klemd, O. Potterat and C. Gr\u00fcndemann, Potential benefits of Malva sylvestris in dry-eye disease pathology in vitro based on antioxidant, wound-healing and anti-inflammatory properties, Biomed. Pharmacother. 168 (2023) Article ID 115782 (13 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOPHA.2023.115782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115782"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. M. Alvarez-Suarez, M. Gasparrini, T. Y. Forbes-Hern\u00e1ndez, L. Mazzoni and F. Giampieri, The composition and biological activity of honey: a focus on manuka honey, Foods 3(3) (2014) 420\u2013432; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/FOODS3030420","DOI":"10.3390\/foods3030420"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. L. W. Li, S. L. Li, K. W. Kam and A. L. Young, Randomised assessor - masked trial evaluating topical manuka honey (Optimel) in treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction, Br. J. Ophthalmol. 106 (2022) 777\u2013780; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BJOPHTHALMOL-2020-317506","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317506"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Tan, T. Jia, R. Liao and F. Stapleton, Effect of a formulated eye drop with Leptospermum spp honey on tear film properties, Br. J. Ophthalmol. 104 (2020) 1373\u20131377; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BJOPHTHALMOL-2019-315160","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315160"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Jones, L. E. Downie, D. Korb, J. M. Benitez-del-Castillo, R. Dana, S. X. Deng, P. N. Dong, G. Geerling, R. Y. Hida, Y. Liu, K. Y. Seo, J. Tauber, T. H. Wakamatsu, J. Xu, J. S. Wolffsohn and J. P. Craig, TFOS DEWS II management and therapy report, Ocul. Surf. 15 (2017) 575\u2013628; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JTOS.2017.05.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.006"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Kov\u00e1cs-Valasek, T. R\u00e1k, E. P\u00f6sty\u00e9ni, A. Csutak and R. G\u00e1briel, Three major causes of metabolic retinal degenerations and three ways to avoid them, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24(10) (2023) Article ID 8728 (33 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS24108728","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108728"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Al-Ghadeer and M. Al-Amry, Ocular complications resulting from the use of traditional herbal medicine in central Saudi Arabia: A review, Middle East Afr. J. Ophthalmol. 28 (2021) 131\u2013136; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/MEAJO.MEAJO_120_21","DOI":"10.4103\/meajo.meajo_120_21"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. S. Murri, M. Moshirfar, O. C. Birdsong, Y. C. Ronquillo, Y. Ding and P. C. Hoopes, Amniotic membrane extract and eye drops: a review of literature and clinical application, Clin. Ophthalmol. 12 (2018) 1105\u20131112; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S165553","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S165553"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. T\u00f3th-Moln\u00e1r, A new era in the treatment of ocular surface inflammatory diseases: \u201csoft\u201d topical steroids in the anti-inflammatory therapeutic algorithm, Szemeszet 160 (2023) 13\u201318; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55342\/SZEMHUNGARICA.2023.160.1.13","DOI":"10.55342\/SZEMHUNGARICA.2023.160.1.13"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Chen, J. Wang, D. A. Sullivan, W. R. Kam and Y. Liu, Effects of terpinen-4-ol on meibomian gland epithelial cells in vitro, Cornea 39 (2020) 1541\u20131546; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002506","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002506"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Shahane, M. Kshirsagar, S. Tambe, D. Jain, S. Rout, M. K. M. Ferreira, S. Mali, P. Amin, P. P. Srivastav, J. Cruz and R. R. Lima, An updated review on the multifaceted therapeutic potential of Calendula officinalis L., Pharm. 16(4) (2023) Article ID 611 (21 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PH16040611","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16040611"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Dhingra, P. Dhakad and S. Tanwar, Review on phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of plant Calendula officinalis L., Biol. Sci. 2 (2022) 216\u2013228; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55006\/BIOLSCIENCES.2022.2205","DOI":"10.55006\/biolsciences.2022.2205"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Jimenez-Garcia, L. A. Perula-de Torres, E. Villegas-Becerril, J. J. Mu\u00f1oz-Gavilan, M. Espinosa--Calvo, G. Montes-Redondo and E. Romero-Rodriguez (and Alantel Trial Collaborative Group), Efficacy of an aloe vera, chamomile, and thyme cosmetic cream for the prophylaxis and treatment of mild dermatitis induced by radiation therapy in breast cancer patients: a controlled clinical trial (Alantel Trials), Trials 25 (2024) Article ID 84 (9 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13063-024-07901-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-024-07901-8"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Villegas-Becerril, C. Jimenez-Garcia, L. A. Perula-de Torres, M. Espinosa-Calvo, C. M. Bueno--Serrano, F. Romero-Ruperto, F. Gines-Santiago, M. C. Moreno-Manzanaro, J. J. Mu\u00f1oz-Gavilan, G. Montes-Redondo, M. A. Quesada-Roman, M. C. Linares-Ramirez, J. M. Parras-Rejano, N. Mu\u00f1oz-Alcaraz, M. D. Maestre-Serrano and E. M. Romero-Rodriguez, Efficacy of an aloe vera, chamomile, and thyme cosmetic cream for the prophylaxis and treatment of mild dermatitis induced by radiation therapy in breast cancer patients (the Alantel study), Contemp. Clin. Trials Commun. 39 (2024) Article ID 101288 (8 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CONCTC.2024.101288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2024.101288"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_045","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency, Final Community Herbal Monograph on Hamamelis virginiana L., Folium et cortex aut Ramunculus destillatum, HMPC, Reference Number: EMA\/HMPC\/114584\/2008, London, 12 November 2009; last visit July 26, 2024."},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_046","unstructured":"EUR-Lex, Commission implementing Decision of 28 November 2011 amending Decision 2008\/911\/ EC establishing a list of herbal substances, preparations and combinations thereof for use in traditional herbal medicinal products (notified under document C(2011) 7382) (text with EEA relevance) (2011\/785\/EU), Community list entry on Hamamelis virginiana L., Folium et cortex aut Ramunculus destillatum, Off. J. EU L 319\/102."},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_047","unstructured":"European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & Health Care, European Pharmacopoeia, 11th ed., EDQM, Strasbourg (effective from 1 January 2023)."},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_048","unstructured":"United States Pharmacopeia Convention, United States Pharmacopeia (2024), USP Monographs, Witch Hazel, USP-NF, USPC, Rockville (MD) 2024."},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Vanekov\u00e1 and J. M. Rollinger, Bilberries: Curative and miraculous \u2013 a review on bioactive constituents and clinical research, Front. Pharmacol. 13 (2022) Article ID 909914; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPHAR.2022.909914","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.909914"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Ciganovi\u0107, L. Jakupovi\u0107, P. Momchev, L. Ni\u017ei\u0107 Nodilo, A. Hafner and M. Zovko Kon\u010di\u0107, Extraction optimization, antioxidant, cosmeceutical and wound healing potential of Echinacea purpurea glycerolic extracts, Molecules 28(3) (2023) Article ID 1177 (19 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES28031177","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031177"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"U. Askeroglu, B. Alleyne and B. Guyuron, Pharmaceutical and herbal products that may contribute to dry eyes, Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 131 (2013) 159\u2013167; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0B013E318272A00E","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318272a00e"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Lorenz, I. Zilkowski, L. K. Mail\u00e4nder, I. Klaiber, S. Nicolay, M. Garcia-K\u00e4ufer, A. M. Zimmer-mann-Klemd, C. Turek, F. C. Stintzing, D. R. Kammerer and C. Gr\u00fcndemann, Comparison of aqueous and lactobacterial-fermented Mercurialis perennis (dog\u2019s mercury) extracts with respect to their immunostimulating activity, Fermentation 9(2) (2023) Article ID 190 (18 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/FERMENTATION9020190","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation9020190"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. R. Biswas, S. K. Gupta, G. K. Das, N. Kumar, P. K. Mongre, D. Haldar and S. Beri, Evaluation of Ophthacare\u00ae eye drops \u2013 a herbal formulation in the management of various ophthalmic disorders, Phyther. Res. 15 (2001) 618\u2013620; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/PTR.896","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.896"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Velpandian, P. Gupta, A. K. Ravi, H. P. Sharma and N. R. Biswas, Evaluation of pharmacological activities and assessment of intraocular penetration of an ayurvedic polyherbal eye drop (ItoneTM) in experimental models, BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 13 (2013) Article ID 1 (12 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6882-13-1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-1"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Larmo, R. J\u00e4rvinen, J. Laihia, E. L\u00f6yttyniemi, L. Maavirta, B. Yang, H. Kallio and M. Sandberg-Lall, Effects of a sea buckthorn oil spray emulsion on dry eye, Contact Lens Anterior Eye 42 (2019) 428\u2013433; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CLAE.2018.11.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.11.011"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. E. Frampton, Varenicline solution nasal spray: A review in dry eye disease, Drugs 82 (2022) 1481\u20131488; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S40265-022-01782-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01782-4"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Saffar Shahroodi, M. Nejabat, M. Nimrouzi, H. Aghaei, A. Salehi and A. Rezaei Mokarram, Effects of intranasal administration of violet oil in dry eye disease, Clin. Exp. Optom. 102 (2019) 576\u2013582; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CXO.12910","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12910"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_058","unstructured":"H.-Y. Kuo, C.-T. Hung, C.-C. Hsieh, H.-C. Wen and C.-K. Chang, Effects of aromatherapy massage on dry eye disease via the autonomic nervous system regulation, J. Fam. Med. Heal. Care 8 (2022) 76\u201382; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11648\/J.JFMHC.20220804.11"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Zhang, B. Zhang, S. Peng, G. Zhang, J. Ma and W. Zhu, Effectiveness of acupuncture at acupoint BL1 (Jingming) in comparison with artificial tears for moderate to severe dry eye disease: a randomized controlled trial, Trials 23 (2022) Article ID 605 (9 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13063-022-06486-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06486-4"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Rathore, Computer vision syndrome-an emerging occupational hazard, Res. J. Sci. Technol. 9(2) (2017) 293\u2013297; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5958\/2349-2988.2017.00053.5","DOI":"10.5958\/2349-2988.2017.00053.5"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_061","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Committee on Public Health Approaches to Reduce Vision Impairment and Promote Eye Health, The Role of Public Health and Partnerships to Promote Eye and Vision Health in Communities, in Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow (Eds. A. Welp, R. B. Woodbury, M. A. McCoy and S. M. Teutsch), National Academies Press (US) \u2013 Washington (DC), 2016."},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. R\u00e1k, A. Kov\u00e1cs-Valasek, E. P\u00f6sty\u00e9ni, A. Csutak and R. G\u00e1briel, Complementary approaches to retinal health focusing on diabetic retinopathy, Cells 12(23) (2023) Article ID 2699 (23 pages); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/CELLS12232699","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12232699"},{"key":"2026051108204641136_j_acph-2024-0028_ref_063","unstructured":"T. J. M. Weatherby, V. R. Vasant Raman and M. Agius, Depression and dry eye disease: a need for an interdisciplinary approach?, Psychiatr. Danub. 31(Suppl. 3) (2019) 619\u2013621."}],"container-title":["Acta Pharmaceutica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/acph-2024-0028","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T08:42:04Z","timestamp":1778488924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/acph-2024-0028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/acph-2024-0028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/acph-2024-0028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1846-9558"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1846-9558","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}}}