{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:06:51Z","timestamp":1780621611908,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Retinoblastoma is one of the most common primary intraocular malignancies in young children. Traditional treatment methods such as chemotherapy often come with significant adverse effects, such as hearing loss, cognitive impairment, and vision loss. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore a novel therapeutic drug that is both effective and safe. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a natural compound known to exhibit anti-proliferative effects in various cancer cell lines. However, to date, no studies investigated the effects of SAM on retinoblastoma cells and its potential mechanisms of action. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of SAM on retinoblastoma cells and explore its possible mechanisms of action, with the hope of providing new insights into the treatment of this disease. The optimal concentration of SAM was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The effect of SAM on retinoblastoma proliferation was assessed using the 5-ethynyl-2\u2032-deoxyuridine cell proliferation assay. Y79 cells were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin stain and electron microscopy to observe any morphological changes induced by SAM. The stages of SAM\u2019s action on the retinoblastoma cell cycle and its apoptotic effects were measured using flow cytometry. The apoptotic effect of SAM on retinoblastoma was further confirmed using the TUNEL assay. Differential expression of related genes was detected through RT-PCR.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice and immunohistochemistry were employed to validate the effect of SAM on retinoblastoma-related phenotypes. Western blotting was conducted to investigate whether SAM modulated retinoblastoma-related phenotypes via the Wnt2\/\u03b2-catenin pathway. SAM arrested the cell cycle of retinoblastoma at the G1 phase, induced apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells through the Wnt2\/\u03b2-catenin pathway, and affected their morphology and even ultrastructure. In addition,\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiments demonstrated that SAM had an oncogenic effect on retinoblastoma. In this study, we verify\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    whether SAM inhibits the proliferation of retinoblastoma cell Y7, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of Y79 cells by inhibiting the Wnt2\/\u03b2-catenin pathway, and affects the morphology and structure of retinoblastoma cell Y79.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/aite-2024-0020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T04:20:12Z","timestamp":1728015612000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["S-Adenosylmethionine Inhibits the Proliferation of Retinoblastoma Cell Y79, Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Y79 Cells by Inhibiting the Wnt2\/\u03b2-Catenin Pathway"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Mushi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youchaou","family":"Mobet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bai Sheng Biological Products Co., Ltd , Guangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Southern Medical University , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060500585459749_j_aite-2024-0020_ref_001","unstructured":"Bai QL, Hu CW, Wang XR et al (2017) Mir-616 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in glioma cells by suppressing expression of Sox7 via the Wnt signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 21:5630\u20135637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_201712_14006"},{"key":"2026060500585459749_j_aite-2024-0020_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimaras H, Corson TW, Cobrinik D et al (2015) Retinoblastoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 1:15021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2015.21","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.62"},{"key":"2026060500585459749_j_aite-2024-0020_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galizia I, Oldani L, Macritchie K et al (2016) S-adenosyl methionine (same) for depression in adults. 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Am J Ophthalmol 236: 193\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.09.026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.09.026"},{"key":"2026060500585459749_j_aite-2024-0020_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmood N, Arakelian A, Cheishvili D et al (2020) S-adenosylmethionine in combination with decitabine shows enhanced anti-cancer effects in repressing breast cancer growth and metastasis. J Cell Mol Med 24:10322\u201310337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.15642","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15642"},{"key":"2026060500585459749_j_aite-2024-0020_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parashar S, Cheishvili D, Arakelian A et al (2015) S-adenosylmethionine blocks osteosarcoma cells proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo: Therapeutic and diagnostic clinical applications. 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