{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:18:26Z","timestamp":1789154306943,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETS) are common intracranial tumors, but extrasellar or ectopic PitNETS are very rare and supposed to originate from some pituitary remnants. They are mostly found in sphenoidal sinus. But particularly, ectopic clival PitNETS are highly aggressive and can cause bone invasion and can be misdiagnosed as other lesions of the skull base such as chordomas.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Case Report.<\/jats:bold>\n                    We report a challenging case of an ectopic prolactin-secreting PitNET arising in the clivus in a young female presenting with secondary amenorrhea and sellar mass effect symptoms. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the tumor showed osteolytic features that firstly oriented towards chordoma. Regarding the very high levels of prolactin that constantly exceeded 200 ng\/mL, prolactinoma was indeed very presumable. Dopamine agonist treatment was progressively introduced to its maximal tolerated dose, but with neither hormonal response nor size reduction. Hence, surgical resection was decided and the patient underwent an endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of the tumor that was purely ectopic to the clivus. The diagnosis of prolactinoma was confirmed by pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining was intensely and diffusely positive for prolactin and focally for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The surgery succeeded to normalize prolactin level, but with residual tumor on the fourth month MRI control.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Management of these rare tumors should be individualized with multidisciplinary collaboration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/enr-2025-0002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T13:21:59Z","timestamp":1741785719000},"page":"10-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ectopic dopamine agonist-resistant macroprolactinoma to the clivus masquerading as a chordoma \u2013 A case report"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7992-2355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Bayar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia ;"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atef Ben","family":"Nsir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia ;"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia ;"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilel Ben","family":"Amor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia ;"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hela","family":"Marmouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia ;"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma Ben","family":"Mabrouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia ;"},{"name":"Pathology Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kais","family":"Maamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia ;"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamel","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia ;"},{"name":"Medical Imaging Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Darmoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia ;"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Khochtali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia ;"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026063014590800428_j_enr-2025-0002_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akinduro OO, Akinduro OT, Gupta V, Reimer R, Olomu O. Ectopic prolactinoma presenting as bacterial meningitis: a diagnostic conundrum. World Neurosurg 112, 227\u2013231, 2018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.112"},{"key":"2026063014590800428_j_enr-2025-0002_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agely A, Okromelidze L, Vilanilam GK, Chaichana KL, Middlebrooks EH, Gupta V. Ectopic pituitary adenomas: common presentations of a rare entity. Pituitary 22, 339\u2013343, 2019.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00954-y"},{"key":"2026063014590800428_j_enr-2025-0002_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajler P, Bendersky D, Hem S, Campero A. Ectopic prolactinoma within the sphenoidal sinus associated with empty sella. Surg Neurol Int 3, 47, 2012.","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.96066"},{"key":"2026063014590800428_j_enr-2025-0002_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altafulla JJ, Prickett JT, Dupont G, Tubbs RS, Litvack Z. Ectopic pituitary adenoma presenting as a clival mass. 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Ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors\/adenomas around the sella turcica. Balkan Med J 41, 167\u2013173, 2024.","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.galenos.2024.2023-11-90"},{"key":"2026063014590800428_j_enr-2025-0002_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Witte O, Massager N, Salmon I, Meyer S, Dooms G, Brothi J. Ectopic prolactinoma in the clivus. Acta Chir Belg 98, 10\u201313, 1998.","DOI":"10.1080\/00015458.1998.12098370"},{"key":"2026063014590800428_j_enr-2025-0002_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hattori N, Ishihara T, Saiwai S, Moridera K, Hino M, Ikekubo A, Kurahachi H. Ectopic prolactinoma on MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr 18, 936\u2013938, 1994.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199411000-00017"},{"key":"2026063014590800428_j_enr-2025-0002_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heitzmann A, Jan M, Lecomte P, Ruchoux MM, Lhuintre Y, Tillet Y. Ectopic prolactinoma within the sphenoid sinus. 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Radiol Case Rep 16, 1320\u20131324, 2021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.02.071"},{"key":"2026063014590800428_j_enr-2025-0002_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vermeulen E, D\u2019Haens J, Stadnik T, Unuane D, Barbe K, Van Velthoven V, Glasker S. Predictors of dopamine agonist resistance in prolactinoma patients. BMC Endocr Disord 20, 68, 2020.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-0543-4"},{"key":"2026063014590800428_j_enr-2025-0002_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li X, Liu J, Deng K, Lu L, Pan H, Wang R, Yao Y, Zhu H. Ectopic pituitary adenomas: clinical features, diagnostic challenges and management. Pituitary 23, 648\u2013664, 2020.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01071-x"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Regulations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/enr-2025-0002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:30:59Z","timestamp":1782847859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/enr-2025-0002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/enr-2025-0002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/enr-2025-0002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1336-0329"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1336-0329","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}}}