{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:33:51Z","timestamp":1788201231513,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Atherosclerosis contributes to higher mortality and morbidity in people with diabetes. Preventing future complications largely depends on the early detection of imminent atherosclerosis. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the subclinical atherosclerosis measured by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), ankle-brachial index (ABI), and circulating levels of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 80 participants evenly divided into two groups: 40 newly diagnosed patients with T2DM and 40 healthy controls. Patients with T2DM had no prior history or clinical signs of macrovascular complications, such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular stroke or peripheral artery disease. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured. Plasma AFABP levels were determined using a human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. ABI was assessed using a sphygmomanometer with a cuff that fits the limb\u2019s circumference and a portable Doppler device. Doppler ultrasound of the carotid artery was used to measure CIMT.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    In patients with T2DM, circulating AFABP levels were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects (p=0.007). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that AFABP is the only independent factor influencing the maximum CIMT (\u03b2=0.004, 95% CI: 0.001\u20130.007, p=0.017).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Plasma AFABP level could serve as a biomarker for early diagnosis of atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/enr-2026-0019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T17:57:14Z","timestamp":1788199034000},"page":"190-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unmasking silent atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: the emerging role of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Magui Abd Elmonem","family":"Shalash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Internal Medicine Department , Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine , Alexandria , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha Said","family":"Kandil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Chemical Pathology , Alexandria University, Medical Research Institute , Alexandria , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omnia Ezz Eldin","family":"Alsaadany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Department of Radiodiagnosis , Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine , Alexandria , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya Fathy","family":"Radwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Internal Medicine Department , Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine , Alexandria , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem Mahmoud","family":"Fathalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Internal Medicine Department , Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine , Alexandria , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026083117570689152_j_enr-2026-0019_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvim RO, Dias FAL, Oliveira CM, Horimoto ARVR, Ulbrich AZ, Krieger JE, Pereira AC. 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Carotid intima-media thickness measurements: What defines an abnormality? A systematic review. Clin Invest Med 22, 149\u2013157, 1999."},{"key":"2026083117570689152_j_enr-2026-0019_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 310, 2191\u20132194, 2013.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"2026083117570689152_j_enr-2026-0019_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bagheri R, Qasim AN, Mehta NN, Terembula K, Kapoor S, Braunstein S, Schutta M, Iqbal N, Lehrke M, Reilly MP. Relation of plasma fatty acid binding proteins 4 and 5 with the metabolic syndrome, inflammation and coronary calcium in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. 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